Lesson 5: Nervous System & Endocrine System PDF

Lesson 5: Nervous System Working Together with Endocrine System to Maintain Homeostasis Learning Objectives: Describe how the nervous system coordinates and regulates these feedback mechanisms to maintain homeostasis (S10LT-lllc-36) What is the nervous system? The nervous system is...

Lesson 5: Nervous System Working Together with Endocrine System to Maintain Homeostasis Learning Objectives: Describe how the nervous system coordinates and regulates these feedback mechanisms to maintain homeostasis (S10LT-lllc-36) What is the nervous system? The nervous system is your body's decision and communication center. The first division, the central nervous system (CNS), consists of the brain and the spinal cord while the second division, the peripheral nervous system (PNS), involves all of the nerves.  CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM A. The Brain The brain is the control center of the nervous system. It has three main parts: the forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain. Moreover, it is divided into three main regions: the cerebrum, cerebellum and brain stem.  CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM B. Spinal Cord It is about 40-50 cm long. Through it, the brain and the body becomes interconnected. Composing the nerve tissues of the cord is a gray and white matter. It transmits impulses all over the body to and from the brain. It is also responsible for involuntary movements.  PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM A. The Somatic Nervous System (SNS) regulates the activities that are under conscious control. It includes all the nerves controlling the muscular system and external sensory receptors. Specifically, these receptors refer to the external sense organs – the eyes, ears, nose, skin, and tongue.  PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM B. Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) regulates all activities that are considered as involuntary or those reflexes that are done without conscious will. Some of its functions include controlling the muscles in the heart and the smooth muscles in the internal organs such as the intestines, bladder and the uterus. 1. Sympathetic - It is known as the “fight or flight response” The autonomic nervous system is further which controls the internal functions of the body in times of subdivided into the sympathetic and stress. In addition, it is responsible for the acceleration of parasympathetic nervous systems heart rate, the constriction of blood vessels and the rise of blood pressure. 2. Parasympathetic – It is known as the “rest and digest” which is the opposite of the sympathetic nervous system. It controls the internal functions at rest. Thus, it slows down the heart rate and increases the intestinal and gland activities.  PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM B. Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) The autonomic nervous system is further subdivided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems 1. Sympathetic - It is known as the “fight or flight response” which controls the internal functions of the body in times of stress. In addition, it is responsible for the acceleration of heart rate, the constriction of blood vessels and the rise of blood pressure. 2. Parasympathetic – It is known as the “rest and digest” which is the opposite of the sympathetic nervous system. It controls the internal functions at rest. Thus, it slows down the heart rate and increases the intestinal and gland activities.  PATHWAY OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM RECEPTORS These organs are composed of different receptors: eyes, photoreceptors; ears, mechanoreceptors; tongue, chemoreceptors; nose, olfactory receptors; pain, nociceptors; and thermoreceptor for temperature. With these receptors, the nervous system is able to get all of the information on all happenings around the body  PATHWAY OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM NEURONS The basic unit of the nervous system is the neuron or nerve cell which carries impulses to the nervous system. A neuron is composed of the following parts: dendrites, nucleus, cell body, axon, nodes of Ranvier, myelin sheath cells and the axon terminal.  PATHWAY OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM NEURONS PARTS: Dendrites receive the impulses and carry these toward the cell body. Axon carries the impulses away from the cell body which passes along the different parts of the neuron Cell body contains genetic information, maintains the neuron's structure, and provides energy to drive activities. Nucleus to guide the axon hillock that generates the impulses throughout the axon. Myelin Sheath allows electrical impulses to transmit quickly and efficiently along the nerve cells.  PATHWAY OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM Classification of Neurons 1. Sensory or affective neurons carry impulses from the sense organs to the brain and spinal cord. 2. Motor or effective neurons carry impulses from the brain and spinal cord to the muscles. 3. Associative neurons, located in the CNS, analyze and interpret the data or impulses. What is the Endocrine System? responsible for many reactions such as influencing how your heart beats, how your bones and tissues develop, and even your capacity to have a baby. It plays an essential role in the occurrence of disorders such as diabetes, thyroid disease, growth disorders, and/or sexual dysfunction. secrete chemicals, called hormones, into the bloodstream which carries them throughout the body.  FUNCTIONS OF HORMONES Hormones help regulate body processes such as growth, development, metabolism, and response to stimuli. They are like chemical messengers that transport a signal from one cell to another. Parts and Functions  FUNCTIONS OF HORMONES Hormones help regulate body processes such as growth, development, metabolism, and response to stimuli. They are like chemical messengers that transport a signal from one cell to another. Parts and Functions  FUNCTIONS OF HORMONES Hormones help regulate body processes such as growth, development, metabolism, and response to stimuli. They are like chemical messengers that transport a signal from one cell to another. Parts and Functions  FUNCTIONS OF HORMONES Hormones help regulate body processes such as growth, development, metabolism, and response to stimuli. They are like chemical messengers that transport a signal from one cell to another. Parts and Functions What is HOMEOSTASIS? Processing Questions: What are some environmental factors that can affect homeostasis in the body? How do hormones contribute to maintaining homeostasis? What is homeostasis, and why is it important for living organisms? What is HOMEOSTASIS? Homeostasis is the state of steady internal, physical, and chemical conditions maintained by living organisms. It is attained through regulation of the bodily functions of the endocrine and nervous systems Most body systems maintain homeostasis by using feedback mechanisms. HOMEOSTASIS Negative feedback involves a response that is the reverse of the change detected. This means its function is to reduce the change.  THERMOREGULATION If the body temperature changes mechanisms are induced to restore normal levels Most body systems maintain homeostasis by using feedback mechanisms. HOMEOSTASIS Positive feedback involves a response that reinforces the change detected. This means its function is to amplify the change.  CHILDBIRTH The stretching of uterine walls cause contractions that further stretches the walls, this continues until birthing occurs.  1. When the brain receives messages 6. The blood glucose will decrease and from the body about an internal change becomes normal. The HOMEOSTASIS is on its system, it works to restore the achieved! system to its normal state. 5. Body cells also take up extra glucose in the blood from this events. 4. The hormone insulin will inform the liver to take up glucose and store it as glycogen. 2. The brain detected an increase of 3. The brain sends signal to the pancreas blood sugar in the body. to produce insulin releasing into the blood.  Hormones at Right Level It is important that the amount of hormones in our body is kept at the right level. The endocrine system plays an important part in maintaining the homeostasis.  Achieving Homeostasis To achieve homeostasis the nervous and endocrine systems maintain a normal range of the following: Body Temperature  Achieving Homeostasis To achieve homeostasis the nervous and endocrine systems maintain a normal range of the following: Amount of water in the body.  Achieving Homeostasis To achieve homeostasis the nervous and endocrine systems maintain a normal range of the following: Amount of metabolic waste in the cell.  Achieving Homeostasis To achieve homeostasis the nervous and endocrine systems maintain a normal range of the following: Blood Calcium level  Achieving Homeostasis To achieve homeostasis the nervous and endocrine systems maintain a normal range of the following: Hormones in the blood. ACTIVITY TIME! Nervous System working together with Endocrine System to Maintain Homeostasis. 1. What might happen to a person whose nervous and endocrine systems fail to maintain homeostasis? 2. Suppose a boy skipped for his lunch for the day. How will the hormones