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Biological and Socio-Cultural Evolution Quiz
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Biological and Socio-Cultural Evolution Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary definition of evolution?

  • A sudden change in the characteristics of an organism
  • The modification of organisms due to external environmental factors
  • The creation of new species purely by random chance
  • The process by which new species develop from existing ones through successive generations (correct)

    • Which of the following best describes creationism?

  • A scientific theory explaining the origin of species
  • A religious belief that God created man in His image (correct)
  • An artistic representation of human origins
  • A philosophical debate about life's origins

    • Which of the following is NOT one of the three evolutionary perspectives mentioned?

  • Cultural perspectives (correct)
  • Scientific perspectives
  • Creationism
  • Cosmogonic perspectives

    • What is xenocentrism?

    <p>Believing that another culture is superior to one's own</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately differentiates sociology from political science?

    <p>Sociology studies human societies, whereas political science focuses specifically on government and politics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of culture related to material remains?

    <p>Human material remains help interpret cultural processes over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the story of Malakas and Maganda represent in cultural mythology?

    <p>A cultural explanation of the primal myth of creation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does sociocultural evolution differ from biological evolution?

    <p>Sociocultural evolution is dependent on social and cultural changes rather than biological factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes humans from apes the most?

    <p>Larger brain size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hominid species is known to have appeared around 5 to 1 million years ago?

    <p>Australopithecus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'Homo habilis' translate to?

    <p>Handy man</p> Signup and view all the answers

    About how much brain capacity does Australopithecus have compared to modern humans?

    <p>1/3 of modern brain size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature is NOT characteristic of Ardipithecus?

    <p>Large brain size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which species is considered the first to have used tools from tree branches?

    <p>Homo habilis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated time of divergence between the ancestors of humans and monkeys?

    <p>25 million years ago</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of diet did Australopithecus primarily have?

    <p>Omnivorous with plants and fruits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'natural selection' primarily describe?

    <p>The process through which populations adapt and change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is credited with developing the theory of evolution through natural selection?

    <p>Sir Charles Darwin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the phrase 'survival of the fittest' imply in the context of evolution?

    <p>Organisms best adapted to their environment are more successful at surviving and reproducing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes biological evolution?

    <p>Variations in genetics and inherited traits of biological populations over generations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one source of evidence that led Charles Darwin to question divine creation?

    <p>Geological formations and fossil collections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about genetics is accurate in the context of evolution?

    <p>Genetics helps in explaining how variations are inherited within species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following figures is associated with separating heaven and earth in creation mythology?

    <p>Pan-Gu</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Darwin's theory differ from the notion of divine creation?

    <p>Darwin proposed that species evolve over time through natural processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Biological and Socio-Cultural Evolution

    • Evolution is the process of change in living organisms over time.
    • Creationism: The belief that the universe and all living things were created by a supernatural being or beings.
    • Cosmogonic: Beliefs about the origin and structure of the universe, often expressed through myths and folktales.
    • Scientific Perspective of Evolution: The theory that humans have evolved from ape-like creatures, supported by fossil evidence and genetic analysis.

    Biological Evolution

    • Biological evolution is the changes in inherited traits of a population from one generation to the next.
    • Natural Selection: The process where organisms better adapted to their environment more likely to survive and reproduce.
    • Survival of the Fittest: A term coined by Herbert Spencer, emphasizing the advantages of traits that promote an organism's success in its environment.
    • Genetics: The science of heredity, explaining variations in species and their inheritance.

    Hominid Species Timeline

    • Sahelanthropus: (6-7 million years ago) An early hominid with a skull similar to Australopithecus and modern humans, but with a smaller brain size.
    • Ardipithecus: (5.6-4.4 million years ago) Ardipithecus had a smaller brain size than humans but were ape-like bipedal, with a smaller brain and a height of 4 feet.
    • Australopithecus: (5-1 million years ago) “southern ape” with a brain size about 1/3 of modern humans, used sticks and stones for tools, and were food scavengers.
    • Homo Habilis: (3 - 4 million years ago) "handy man" known for tool making from tree branches.
    • Homo Erectus: (1.8 million - 117,000 years ago) Known for their larger brains, greater heights, and migration out of Africa.
    • Homo Sapiens: (200,000 years ago - present) Our species, known for complex language, advanced technology, and cultural development.

    Understanding Humans and Monkeys

    • Monkeys and humans did not evolve from one another, but share a common ancestor that lived around 25 million years ago.
    • Humans and monkeys share about 93% of their DNA, reflecting a close evolutionary relationship.

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    Related Documents

    Biological and Socio-Cultural Evolution PDF

    Description

    Explore the fascinating concepts of biological evolution and socio-cultural development in this quiz. Test your knowledge on the processes of natural selection, creationism, and genetic variations. Understand how these principles explain the diversity of life on Earth and our evolutionary heritage.

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