Lesson 16: Carbohydrates PDF

BIO 024 BIOCHEMISTRY LESSON 16: CARBOHYDRATES (Glucose Transporters, Glycogen Storage Disease, Carbohydrates Deficiencies, and Sugar Substitute) PERIODICAL 2 WEEK 9 MODULE 16 LEARNING OUTCOMES 1...

BIO 024 BIOCHEMISTRY LESSON 16: CARBOHYDRATES (Glucose Transporters, Glycogen Storage Disease, Carbohydrates Deficiencies, and Sugar Substitute) PERIODICAL 2 WEEK 9 MODULE 16 LEARNING OUTCOMES 1. Identify the different glucose transporters in the body; 2. Differentiate the types of glycogen storage diseases; 3. Differentiate between type 1 and type 2 diabetes; and, 4. Understand the common laboratory findings in diabetes mellitus. CONNECT: Lesson Preview “What was the most useful or the most meaningful thing you have learned from the previous session?” COACH Glucose Transporters Facilitative transport proteins for glucose translocation across cell membranes GLYCOGEN STORAGE DISEASES (GSD) - Rare hereditary conditions affecting glycogen storage and usage. TYPES OF GSD - Liver Forms (Type I, III, IV, VI): Hepatomegaly and hypoglycemia. - Muscle Forms (Type II, IIIA, V, VII): Symptoms during strenuous exercise GSD TYPES AND FEATURES CARBOHYDRATE DEFICIENCIES - Marasmus: Resulting from carbohydrate deficiency. - Diabetes Mellitus: Metabolic disease due to insulin deficiency. TYPES OF DIABETES MELLITUS: - TYPE 1 (IDDM): Common in adolescents; autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing cells. - TYPE 2 (NIDDM): Occurs later in life; associated with obesity and genetics. SYMPTOMS OF DIABETES MELLITUS 4P’s - Polydipsia (excessive thirst) - Polyuria (excessive urination) - Polyphagia (excessive hunger) - Persistence of non-healing wounds COMMON LABORATORY FINDINGS IN DIABETES 1. Glycosuria: Excess glucose in urine. 1. Hyperglycemia: Elevated blood glucose levels. SUGAR SUBSTITUTES OVERVIEW 1. Aspartame: Sweetener made from amino acids; unsuitable for phenylketonuria. 2. Saccharin: Artificial sweetener; can trigger insulin release. 3. Erythritol: Natural sugar alcohol; low- calorie and non-cariogenic. 4. Xylitol: Found in fruits; safe for diabetics. CHECK: 1. What causes diabetes? 2. Can diabetes be managed with lifestyle changes? 3. Identify a symptom not associated with diabetes. ADDITIONAL ACTIVITY: ANSWER MODULE 16: CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING IN YOUR MODULE.