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Questions and Answers
Which glucose transporter type is primarily responsible for glucose uptake in the liver?
Which glucose transporter type is primarily responsible for glucose uptake in the liver?
- GLUT1
- GLUT2 (correct)
- GLUT4
- GLUT5
What symptom is NOT typically associated with diabetes mellitus?
What symptom is NOT typically associated with diabetes mellitus?
- Polyphagia
- Polydipsia
- Increased energy (correct)
- Polyuria
Which type of glycogen storage disease is characterized by muscle symptoms during strenuous exercise?
Which type of glycogen storage disease is characterized by muscle symptoms during strenuous exercise?
- Type IV
- Type I
- Type III
- Type II (correct)
Which of the following is a characteristic of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?
Which of the following is a characteristic of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?
What laboratory finding indicates excess glucose in the urine?
What laboratory finding indicates excess glucose in the urine?
Which sugar substitute is made from amino acids and is unsuitable for individuals with phenylketonuria?
Which sugar substitute is made from amino acids and is unsuitable for individuals with phenylketonuria?
Which condition results from carbohydrate deficiency and is characterized by weight loss and muscle wasting?
Which condition results from carbohydrate deficiency and is characterized by weight loss and muscle wasting?
Which of the following is a potential consequence of hyperglycemia?
Which of the following is a potential consequence of hyperglycemia?
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Study Notes
Glucose Transporters
- Facilitate glucose movement across cell membranes.
Glycogen Storage Diseases (GSD)
- Inherited conditions affecting glycogen storage and utilization.
- Liver Forms (Type I, III, IV, VI): Cause hepatomegaly (enlarged liver) and hypoglycemia (low blood sugar).
- Muscle Forms (Type II, IIIA, V, VII): Symptoms appear during strenuous exercise.
Carbohydrate Deficiencies
- Marasmus: Caused by a shortage of carbohydrates.
- Diabetes Mellitus: A metabolic disease due to insufficient insulin production.
Diabetes Mellitus
- Type 1 (IDDM): Common in adolescents; results from the autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing cells in the pancreas.
- Type 2 (NIDDM): Often develops later in life; associated with obesity and genetic predisposition.
Symptoms of Diabetes Mellitus
- 4P's:
- Polydipsia: Excessive thirst.
- Polyuria: Excessive urination.
- Polyphagia: Excessive hunger.
- Persistence of Non-Healing Wounds: Slow wound healing.
Common Laboratory Findings in Diabetes
- Glycosuria: Elevated glucose levels in the urine.
- Hyperglycemia: High blood glucose levels.
Sugar Substitutes
- Aspartame: An amino acid-based sweetener; not suitable for those with phenylketonuria (PKU).
- Saccharin: An artificial sweetener; can induce insulin release.
- Erythritol: A natural sugar alcohol; low-calorie and does not promote tooth decay.
- Xylitol: Found in fruits; considered safe for individuals with diabetes.
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