Lesson 1.1 States of Matter PDF

 Review Questions 1. What state of matter has definite volume and definite shape? 2. Describe the properties of liquids. 3. Describe the differences between gases and plasma. 4. What is needed for states of matter to change phase? Matter: It’s what the world is made of....

 Review Questions 1. What state of matter has definite volume and definite shape? 2. Describe the properties of liquids. 3. Describe the differences between gases and plasma. 4. What is needed for states of matter to change phase? Matter: It’s what the world is made of. Unit Components States of Matter Characteristic Properties Changes of Matter Classifications of  Learning Objectives At the end of the lesson, you (student) should be able to: 1. Recognize that substances are made of smaller particles. 2. Describe and make a representation of the arrangements, relative spacing, and relative motion of the particles in the three phases of matter. What is matter? Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.  What do you know about matter? Solids Gases Liquids Plasma  States of Matter Gases, liquids, and especially solids surround us and give form to our world. Chemistry at its most fundamental level is about atoms and the forces that act between them to form larger structural units. Let us see how these macroscopic properties of matter depend on the microscopic particles of which it is composed. Gases, liquids and solids are all made up of atoms, molecules, and/or ions, but the  Solids Solids have definite shape and definite volume. Solids have mass. Solids take up space.  Particles in Solids: Are packed tightly together Have very little energy Vibrate in place  Solids The particles in a solid are packed close toge the r and are fixe d in position. though they may vibrate The close packing of the particles results in solids being incompressible. The inability of the particles to move around results in solids retaining their shape and volume when placed in a 12 Crystalline Solids Some solids h ave th eir par ticles arran ged in an orderly geometric pattern ─ we call these crystalline solids. The molecular units of salt crystalline solids tend to be diamonds highly ordered, with each unit sugar occupying a fixed position with respect 13 to the others.  Amorphous Solids S o m e s o l i d s h ave t h e i r particles randomly distributed without any long- range pattern ─ we call these amorphous solids. plastic glass charcoal 14  Liquids Liquids take the shape of their container and have definite volume. Liquids have mass. Liquids take up space. Particles in Liquids: Are loosely packed Have medium energy levels Particles flow around each other  Liquids T he par ticles in a liquid are closely packed, but they have some ability to move around. The close packing results in liquids being incompressible. The ability of the particles to move allows liquids to take the shape of their container and to flow; however, they don’t have  Gases Gases spread out to fill the entire space given and do not have definite volume. Gases have mass. Gases take up space. Particles in Gases: Move freely Have LOTS of energy  Gases In the gas state, the particles have complete freedom from each other. The particles are constantly flying around, bumping into each other and the container. In the gas state, there is a lot of empty space between the particles. 20  Gases Because there is a lot of empty space, the particles can be squeezed closer together; therefore, gases are compressible. Because the particles are not held in close contact an d are movi n g fre e ly, gases expand to fill and 21  Plasma Lightning is a plasma. Used in fluorescent light bulbs and Neon lights. Plasma is a lot like a gas, but the particles are electrically charged. Particles in Plasma: Are electrically charged Have EXTREMELY high energy levels STATES of matter? What would it take for matter to move from one state to another? Energy determines the state!  Add or Subtract Energy... When energy is added, particles move faster! When energy is taken away, particles move slower! What will happen? Why? Solid + Energy = ? When energy is added to solids, they become liquids! Examples? Liquid + Energy = ? When energy is added to liquids, they become gases! What examples can you think of?  The Molecule Chamber Demonstrates the movement of particles of matter in the various states in which it occurs. Increased temperature increases particle movement and the space between them. The particles of water behave Changing States There are several names for matter changing states: State change Phase change Physical change So, did we get something new? Ice cream and melted ice cream? Chocolate and melted chocolate? Ice, water, and water vapor? Steel and molten steel?  Seatwork: Complete the data for the differences in the three phases of matter. Property Solid Liquid Gas Compressibility Density Volume Shape Diffusion Expansion  Identify the state of matter being described. 1. It has extremely high energy levels.. 2. It has low density and high compressibility. 3. The particles are very far apart with no regular arrangement. 4. The particles vibrate in place. 5. It takes the shape of their container and have definite volume.