LESSON 1: The Concept of Nation States PDF

LESSON 1: the concept of nation states I - INTRODUCTION: What is a “nation”? Cambridge dictionary: a large group of people of the same race who share the same language, traditions, and history but who might not all live in one area Ernest Renan: a nation is a desire to live together, “nation...

LESSON 1: the concept of nation states I - INTRODUCTION: What is a “nation”? Cambridge dictionary: a large group of people of the same race who share the same language, traditions, and history but who might not all live in one area Ernest Renan: a nation is a desire to live together, “nation is a soul, a spiritual principle” What is a “nation state”? territorially bounded sovereign policy ruled in the name of a community of citizens identifying themselves as a nation II – EMERGENCE OF NATIONS AND NATION STATES 1st nation state in EU: Spain 1478: king John II Aragon died Ferdinand the catholic his son married Isabel queen of Castilla and Leon The new king decided to unify these kingdoms 1492: Granada was defeated Ferdinand deported population out the country – wanted a population with the same language and history 2 nd nation state: France Concept of nation important in France because nation= a way to fight absolutism BEFORE: the rule of God justified the source of the power – they justified the source of the power by the nation Article 3 DHCR: “the principle of any sovereignty lies primarily in the nation. No corporate body, no individual may exercise any authority that does not expressly emanate from it” War against Prussia 1870 –> we lost the war –> reinforced national feeling 3 rd nation state: Italy Same as France and Spain Mazzini (writer): feeling that there was an Italian nation Italy was divided in several kingdoms King of Piemonte and his PM Cavour asked for help for France to unify Italy France got 2 territories in exchange: Nice County and Savoie Official reason: the population wasn’t real Italian  Mass revolution started everywhere in Italy –> monarch left, and the population voted in favor of unification with Piedmont-Sardinia 1860: garibaldi-led army helped annexing southern Italy 1861: victor Emmanuel II became the 1st king of Italy 4th nation state: UK In 2019: 67 million people lived in the UK 56 England 6 Scotland 3 Wales 2 Northern Ireland UK = multinational state Difference between nationality and citizenship =/nationalities but 1 citizenship Nationality: ethnic concept Citizenship: legal concept The crown has also dependencies overseas (own parliament and tax system) – Jersey, Guernsey territories (self-governed) – Gibraltar, Chacos, Bermuda Historical process England 5thto 8th century: several German tribes invaded England and established 7 kingdoms 8th century: invasions by Vikings and Norsemen 1016 Saxons defeated by Danes 1066: Norman invades the England – battle of hasting Wales 1283: annexation of Wales 1536: England and Wales came under 1 administration Scotland 1312: failed invasion of Scotland 1707: act of union – unification of the kingdom of England and Scotland Ireland 1611: colonized –40 years later natives Irish men defeated : British rules applied XX century: Irish nationalism grew – executed the leader and send people to jail: repression 1918: general elections in Ireland and the pro independent party won Northern Ireland decided t remain with the UK 1949: republic of Ireland was proclaimed 5th nation state: Germany XIXs Holy roman empire was made of lots of kingdoms No common national feeling but they shared culture, language, and laws 1815: congress of Vienna: creation of the German confederation – 39 states Those states came closer thanks to Technological dvp Liberalism Rejection of Austrian rules: emperor of Austria decided to be at the head of the German confederation during the congress of Vienna (wanted to prevent Prussia from extension again) Creation of Zollverein: creation of the custom union – Austria refused to be part of it –> consolidated the union of the members 1848: mass demonstration started everywhere in the confederation In favor of German unity and freedom 1sttime the German flag was used Emergence of a national feeling Bismark: Prussian state man who had plans for unification of Germany Did several wars to this end 1864: against Denmark who defeated – lost several territories  1866: Prussia defeated Austria – creation of north German confederation with Bismark as a ruler 1870: France declared war to Prussia – France lost January 1871: German empire was proclaimed in the gallery des Glaces in Versailles Start kulturkampf: German language became compulsory Bimsark showed considerable distrust toward catholics