Lesson 1.pdf

Republic of the Philippines CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY – CARIG CAMPUS COLLEGE of INFORMATION and COMPUTING SCIENCES Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City (078) 395-2785 (loc 032, 028) CSU-Car...

Republic of the Philippines CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY – CARIG CAMPUS COLLEGE of INFORMATION and COMPUTING SCIENCES Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City (078) 395-2785 (loc 032, 028) CSU-Carig CICS [email protected] WEB DEVELOPMENT CSU Vision LESSON 1 Transforming lives by Brief History of Web and the Internet Educating for the BEST. Lesson Objectives At the end of the lesson, you should be able to: 1. Relate the history of web and the internet; CSU Mission 2. Identify the different individuals who have a great role on the development of web and internet; and CSU is committed to transform the lives 3. Create a Timeline on the history of the internet. of people and communities through high quality instruction and innovative Reading research, development, production and World Wide Web (WWW), by name the Web, the leading information retrieval service of the Internet extension. (the worldwide computer network). The Web gives users access to a vast array of documents that are connected to each other by means of hypertext or hypermedia links—i.e., hyperlinks, electronic connections that link related pieces of information in order to allow a user easy access to them. Core Values Hypertext allows the user to select a word or phrase from text and thereby access other documents C- Competence S – Social that contain additional information pertaining to that word or phrase. Hypermedia documents feature Responsibility links to images, sounds, animations, and movies. The Web operates within the Internet’s basic client- U – Unifying Presence server format; servers are computer programs that store and transmit documents to other computers on the network when asked to, while clients are programs that request documents from a server as the user asks for them. Browser software allows users to view the retrieved documents. A hypertext document with its corresponding text and hyperlinks is written in HyperText Markup Language (HTML) and is assigned an online address called a Uniform Resource Locator (URL). The development of the World Wide Web was begun in 1989 by Tim Berners-Lee and his colleagues at CERN, an international scientific organization based in Geneva, Switzerland. They created a protocol, HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP), which standardized communication between servers and clients. Their text-based Web browser was made available for general release in January 1992. The World Wide Web gained rapid acceptance with the creation of a Web browser called Mosaic, which was developed in the United States by Marc Andreessen and others at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications at the University of Illinois and was released in September 1993. Mosaic allowed people using the Web to use the same sort of “point-and-click” graphical manipulations that had been available in personal computers for some years. In April 1994 Andreessen cofounded Netscape Communications Corporation, whose Netscape Navigator became the dominant Web browser soon after its release in December 1994. BookLink Technologies’ InternetWorks, the first browser with tabs, in which a user could visit another Web site without opening an entirely new window, debuted that same year. By the mid-1990s the World Wide Web had millions of active users. The software giant Microsoft Corporation became interested in supporting Internet applications on personal computers and developed its own Web browser (based initially on Mosaic), Internet Explorer (IE), in 1995 as an add-on to the Windows 95 operating system. IE was integrated into the Windows operating system in 1996 (that is, it came “bundled” ready-to-use within the operating system of personal computers), which had the effect of reducing competition from other Internet browser manufacturers, such as Netscape. IE soon became the most popular Web browser. Apple’s Safari was released in 2003 as the default browser on Macintosh personal computers and later on iPhones (2007) and iPads (2010). Safari 2.0 (2005) was the first browser with a privacy CICS Goal: The College shall produce competent ICS professionals with strong technical education and research capabilities coupled with application-oriented perspective to ensure that they can effectively serve the needs of individuals and organizations. Worktext in Web Development (for validation purposes) By Larra Mae Balisi, School Year 2020-2021 1st Semester Page |1  Republic of the Philippines CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY – CARIG CAMPUS COLLEGE of INFORMATION and COMPUTING SCIENCES Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City (078) 395-2785 (loc 032, 028) CSU-Carig CICS [email protected] mode, Private Browsing, in which the application would not save Web sites in its history, downloaded CSU Vision files in its cache, or personal information entered on Web pages. Transforming lives by Educating for The first serious challenger to IE’s dominance was Mozilla’s Firefox, released in 2004 and designed the BEST. to address issues with speed and security that had plagued IE. In 2008 Google launched Chrome, the first browser with isolated tabs, which meant that when one tab crashed, other tabs and the whole browser would still function. By 2013 Chrome had become the dominant browser, surpassing IE and Firefox in popularity. Microsoft discontinued IE and replaced it with Edge in 2015. CSU Mission In the early 21st century, smartphones became more computer-like, and more-advanced services, CSU is committed to transform the lives such as Internet access, became possible. Web usage on smartphones steadily increased, and in of people and communities 2016 it accounted for more than half of Web browsing. through high quality instruction and innovative The history of the Internet has its origin in the efforts to build and interconnect computer networks research, development, that arose from research and development in the United States and involved international production and collaboration, particularly with researchers in the United Kingdom and France. extension. Computer science was an emerging discipline in the late 1950s that began to consider time-sharing between computer users and, later, the possibility of achieving this over wide area networks. Core Values C- Competence Independently, Paul Baran proposed a distributed network based on data in message blocks in the S – Social early 1960s and Donald Davies conceived of packet switching in 1965 at the National Physical Responsibility U – Unifying Laboratory (NPL) in the UK, which became a testbed for research for two decades. The U.S. Presence Department of Defense awarded contracts in 1969 for the development of the ARPANET project, directed by Robert Taylor and managed by Lawrence Roberts. ARPANET adopted the packet switching technology proposed by Davies and Baran, underpinned by mathematical work in the early 1970s by Leonard Kleinrock at UCLA. The network was built by Bolt, Beranek, and Newman. Early packet switching networks such as the NPL network, ARPANET, Merit Network, and CYCLADES in the early 1970s researched and provided data networking. The ARPANET project and international working groups led to the development of protocols for internetworking, in which multiple separate networks could be joined into a network of networks, which produced various standards. Bob Kahn, at ARPA, and Vint Cerf, at Stanford University, published research in 1973 that evolved into the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and Internet Protocol (IP), the two protocols of the Internet protocol suite. The design included concepts from the French CYCLADES project directed by Louis Pouzin. In the early 1980s the National Science Foundation (NSF) funded national supercomputing centers at several universities in the United States and provided interconnectivity in 1986 with the NSFNET project, which created network access to these supercomputer sites for research and academic organizations in the United States. International connections to NSFNET, the emergence of architecture such as the Domain Name System, and the adoption of TCP/IP internationally marked the beginnings of the Internet. Commercial Internet service providers (ISPs) began to emerge in the very late 1980s. The ARPANET was decommissioned in 1990. Limited private connections to parts of the Internet by officially commercial entities emerged in several American cities by late 1989 and 1990.The NSFNET was decommissioned in 1995, removing the last restrictions on the use of the Internet to carry commercial traffic. Research at CERN in Switzerland by British computer scientist Tim Berners-Lee in 1989-90 resulted in the World Wide Web, linking hypertext documents into an information system, accessible from any node on the network. Since the mid-1990s, the Internet has had a revolutionary impact on culture, commerce, and technology, including the rise of near-instant communication by electronic mail, instant messaging, voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) telephone calls, two-way interactive video calls, and the World Wide Web with its discussion forums, blogs, social networking, and online shopping sites. Increasing amounts of data are transmitted at higher and higher speeds over fiber optic networks operating at 1 Gbit/s, 10 Gbit/s, or more. The Internet's takeover of the global communication landscape was rapid in historical terms: it only communicated 1% of the information CICS Goal: The College shall produce competent ICS professionals with strong technical education and research capabilities coupled with application-oriented perspective to ensure that they can effectively serve the needs of individuals and organizations. Worktext in Web Development (for validation purposes) By Larra Mae Balisi, School Year 2020-2021 1st Semester Page |2  Republic of the Philippines CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY – CARIG CAMPUS COLLEGE of INFORMATION and COMPUTING SCIENCES Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City (078) 395-2785 (loc 032, 028) CSU-Carig CICS [email protected] flowing through two-way telecommunications networks in the year 1993, 51% by 2000, and more CSU Vision than 97% of the telecommunicated information by 2007.Today, the Internet continues to grow, driven Transforming by ever greater amounts of online information, commerce, entertainment, and social networking. lives by Educating for However, the future of the global network may be shaped by regional differences. the BEST. Exercise 1: Analogy. Analyze the corresponding words then fill in the blanks. users access to vast documents : Web :: interconnected computer networks : ___________ (1) __________ (2) : Marc Andreessen :: WWW : ___________ (3) CSU Mission Apple : Safari :: _________ (4) : Microsoft CSU is committed to transform the lives of people and Paul Baran : Distributed Network Based Data :: _______________ (5) : Packet Switching communities ____________ (6) : First Browser with tabs :: Google : First browser with isolated tabs through high quality instruction US : ___________ (7) :: French : CYCLADES and innovative research, development, production and extension. Exercise 2: Create a Timeline of Events on the History of the Internet. Calculate the number of segments that will correspond to each time of the events. Core Values C- Competence S – Social Responsibility U – Unifying Presence Additional Activity Watch the following videos: What is internet? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dxcc6ycZ73M What is the world wide web? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J8hzJxb0rpc Who invented the internet? And why? https://youtu.be/21eFwbb48sE The history of Internet? https://youtu.be/lEKyrK5Q4EU How does the internet work? https://youtu.be/7_LPdttKXPc, https://youtu.be/TNQsmPf24go References The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. (November 27, 2019). World Wide Web. In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved on August 03, 2020 from https://www.britannica.com/topic/World-Wide-Web Wikipedia contributors. (2020, July 29). History of the Internet. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 14:51, August 3, 2020, from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Internet&oldid=970211412 CICS Goal: The College shall produce competent ICS professionals with strong technical education and research capabilities coupled with application-oriented perspective to ensure that they can effectively serve the needs of individuals and organizations. Worktext in Web Development (for validation purposes) By Larra Mae Balisi, School Year 2020-2021 1st Semester Page |3