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Questions and Answers
What significant change occurred in 1996 regarding Internet Explorer?
What was a key feature of Safari when it was released in 2003?
Which browser was the first to focus on issues with speed and security that plagued Internet Explorer?
What innovative feature was introduced by Google Chrome in 2008?
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By which year had Google Chrome surpassed Internet Explorer and Firefox in popularity?
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What occurred with Internet Explorer in 2015?
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Which browser challenged Internet Explorer's dominance starting in 2004?
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Which browser was the first to be bundled with an operating system upon its release?
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Who began the development of the World Wide Web?
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What does the acronym URL stand for?
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Which browser was developed first and gained early popularity?
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What protocol was created to standardize communication between servers and clients?
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What significant change occurred in smartphone usability in the early 21st century?
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Which of the following was the first browser to feature tabs?
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What was a primary focus of computer science as it emerged in the late 1950s?
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When was the first text-based Web browser made available for general release?
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Who conceived the idea of packet switching in 1965?
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What year did Netscape Navigator first get released?
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In which year was Internet Explorer developed?
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What project did the U.S. Department of Defense fund in 1969 that was crucial for the development of the Internet?
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What technology did ARPANET adopt that was essential for its functionality?
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Which of the following was a key contribution by Leonard Kleinrock to networking?
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Which networks were early examples of packet switching networks in the 1970s?
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What was a major outcome of the ARPANET project and its international collaborations?
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Which term is analogous to interconnected computer networks in the given analogy?
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Who is associated with the invention of the World Wide Web?
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Which company is linked with the first browser that featured tabs?
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What is the primary function of packet switching in network communication?
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Which of the following was the first browser to implement isolated tabs?
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In terms of historical contributions, which city or country is associated with the development of the CYCLADES network?
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What is the primary function of the World Wide Web (WWW)?
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Which of the following best describes hypertext?
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In the client-server format, what role does the server play?
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Which of the following features is characteristic of hypermedia documents?
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What is one of the main objectives of the lesson on the history of the web and internet?
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What is the unique aspect of hyperlinks in the context of the web?
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What is not a characteristic of the World Wide Web?
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Study Notes
Brief History of The Web
- The World Wide Web, or Web uses a client-server format for storing and transmitting documents.
- Web documents are written in HyperText Markup Language (HTML) and have a Uniform Resource Locator (URL) as an online address.
- The Web was developed in 1989 by Tim Berners-Lee and his colleagues at CERN.
- In 1992, the team created a protocol called HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) for standardized server-client communication.
- Mosaic, released in 1993, was developed by Marc Andreessen and others at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications at the University of Illinois, and it allowed graphical "point-and-click" interactions for Web users.
- In 1994, Netscape Navigator was released and was created by Marc Andreessen.
- In 1994, BookLink Technologies released InternetWorks, the first browser with tabs.
History of the Internet: Early Years
- This field emerged in the late 1950s.
- Paul Baran developed a distributed network based on message blocks in the early 1960s.
- Donald Davies developed packet switching in 1965.
- The U.S Department of Defense commissioned the ARPANET project in 1969.
- Robert Taylor directed the ARPANET project.
- Lawrence Roberts managed the ARPANET project.
- Leonard Kleinrock at UCLA developed the mathematical work that underpins packet switching technology.
- The ARPANET project was built by Bolt, Beranek, and Newman.
History of the Internet: Interconnection
- Early networks such as the NPL Network, ARPANET, Merit Network, and CYCLADES explored and provided data networking.
- In the 1970s, protocols for internetworking were created and led to the development of networks of networks from multiple individual networks.
Web Browsers and their Features
- Netscape Communications Corporation was founded by Marc Andreessen, in 1994.
- In 1995, Microsoft Corporation developed Internet Explorer (IE) integrated into the Windows 95 operating system.
- Apple’s Safari was released in 2003.
- Safari 2.0 was released in 2005 and included the first private browsing feature, which prevented the saving of Web sites in history, files in cache, or personal information.
- Mozilla Firefox, released in 2004, addressed concerns about IE’s security and speed.
- Chrome, which was released in 2008, was the first browser that included isolated tabs.
- In 2015, Microsoft terminated IE and released Edge.
- In 2016, smart phone usage became increasingly critical for web browsing with over 50% of web browsing occurring on smartphones by the end of that year.
Key Individuals
- Tim Berners-Lee
- Marc Andreessen
- Paul Baran
- Donald Davies
- Robert Taylor
- Lawrence Roberts
- Leonard Kleinrock
Notable Companies and Projects
- CERN
- National Center for Supercomputing Applications
- BookLink Technologies
- Netscape Communications Corporation
- Microsoft Corporation
- Apple
- Mozilla
- ARPANET Project
- CYCLADES
- NPL Network
- Merit Network
Key Terms
- Web
- Internet
- Hypertext
- Hyperlinks
- Hypermedia
- HyperText Markup Language (HTML)
- Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
- HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
- Packet switching
- Client-server
- Internet Explorer (IE)
- Safari
- Firefox
- Chrome
- Edge
Timeline of Events
- 1950s: Computer science is developing and explores time-sharing between users.
- Early 1960s: Paul Baran creates a network based on message blocks, and Donald Davies develops packet switching.
- 1965: Donald Davies develops the concept of packet switching, which leads to research for the next two decades.
- 1969: The U.S. Department of Defense awards a project to ARPANET.
- Early 1970s: Many packet switching networks are developed for network research and data networking.
- 1989: The World Wide Web was first developed by Tim Berners-Lee and his colleagues.
- 1992: Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) was established as a communication standard for servers and clients.
- January 1992: The team released a text-based Web browser.
- September 1993: Marc Andreessen and his team released Mosaic, the first graphical browser, allowing for "point-and-click" interactions.
- 1994: NetScape Communications Corporation was founded by Marc Andreessen, Netscape Navigator was released, and InternetWorks, the first browser with tabs, was released.
- 1995: Microsoft Corporation develops and releases Internet Explorer as an add-on for Windows 95.
- 1996: Internet Explorer is bundled into the Windows operating system.
- 2003: Apple releases Safari.
- 2004: Firefox is released as a competitor to IE.
- 2005: Safari 2.0 is released and is the first browser to include a private browsing feature.
- 2008: Chrome is released as the first browser with isolated tabs.
- 2013: Chrome surpasses IE and Firefox in popularity.
- 2015: Microsoft discontinues IE and replaces it with Edge.
- 2016: Smartphones contribute to more than half of web browsing.
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Description
Explore the development and key milestones of the World Wide Web and the Internet. This quiz covers the origins, major protocols like HTTP, and early browsers that shaped online interaction. Test your knowledge of the pivotal figures and technologies from the late 20th century.
