Lesson 4 Motivation Behavioural Sciences and Ethics Biu MS Program 2024 PDF

Behavioral Sciences and Ethics Lesson 04 Part 01 Medical Sciences Program Semester 01 Year 01 BIU Professor Dr. Ejaz Ahmed Khan Medical Sciences Program BIU Learning Outcomes After completion of this session...

Behavioral Sciences and Ethics Lesson 04 Part 01 Medical Sciences Program Semester 01 Year 01 BIU Professor Dr. Ejaz Ahmed Khan Medical Sciences Program BIU Learning Outcomes After completion of this session students will be able to: – Understand the Concept of Motivation and Its Various Theories. – Identify the Different Types of Motivation, including Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation, and their Impact on Behaviour. – Analyse the Role of Motivation in Healthcare. What is Motivation? Definition: – Motivation encompasses the internal and external factors that stimulate desire, energy, and commitment in individuals to continually engage in a task, subject, or role. Components of Motivation: – Intrinsic Motivation: Comes from within, such as personal satisfaction or enjoyment. – Extrinsic Motivation: Driven by external rewards Intrinsic vs. Extrinsic Motivation Intrinsic Motivation: – Driven by internal rewards, such as personal satisfaction. Extrinsic Motivation: – Driven by external factors, like rewards or avoidance of penalties. Examples in Healthcare: – Intrinsic: A nurse feeling content from helping patients. The Importance of Motivation in Healthcare Patient Care: – Motivated healthcare providers offer better patient-centered care and show greater empathy. Job Satisfaction and Retention: – Understanding motivation contributes to lower staff turnover and enhances job satisfaction. Patient Compliance: – Motivating patients is essential for adherence to treatment plans and improving health outcomes. Introduction to Motivation Theories Definition: – Motivation is the drive that influences individuals to initiate and persist in certain behaviors. Importance in Healthcare: – Understanding motivation helps healthcare providers foster better patient relationships, improve patient adherence, and enhance staff satisfaction.  Why Study Motivation? Purpose: – To understand what drives behaviors, commitment, and performance. Impact on Healthcare: – Effective motivation in healthcare settings enhances patient care, job satisfaction, and reduces burnout Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs – Overview Theory Overview: – Proposed by Abraham Maslow, this theory suggests that individuals are motivated by a hierarchy of needs, from basic to complex. Hierarchy Levels: – Physiological Needs: Basic survival needs (food, water,cloths). – Safety Needs: Security, job, stability, health. – Love and Belonging: Social relationships and connection. – Esteem: Respect, self-confidence, recognition. – Self-Actualization: Achieving personal potential, Maslow’s Hierarchy – Application in Healthcare For Patients: – Addressing physiological and safety needs before expecting adherence to treatment. For Healthcare Staff: – Meeting esteem needs through recognition, opportunities for advancement, and fostering a sense of belonging in the workplace. Example: –A hospital creating a safe, supportive Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory – Overview Theory Overview: – Frederick Herzberg identified two sets of factors that impact job satisfaction and dissatisfaction. Hygiene Factors: – Elements that prevent dissatisfaction but don’t increase satisfaction (e.g., salary, work conditions). Motivators: – Factors that encourage satisfaction and motivate employees (e.g., achievement, recognition, responsibility). Implication:  Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory – Application in Healthcare For Patients: – Hygiene factors (clear communication, hospital cleanliness) affect comfort, while motivators (involvement in care decisions) increase satisfaction. For Healthcare Staff: – Providing challenging roles and recognition opportunities enhances job satisfaction. Example: – A clinic offering professional development (motivator) while ensuring competitive wages (hygiene factor). Self-Determination Theory (SDT) – Overview Theory Overview: – SDT, developed by Deci and Ryan, posits that people are motivated by three core needs: Autonomy: Feeling in control of actions. Competence: Feeling capable and effective. Relatedness: Feeling connected to others. Implication: – Fulfillment of these needs enhances intrinsic motivation, fostering long-term commitment and engagement. Self-Determination Theory – Application in Healthcare For Patients: – Encouraging autonomy in decision-making, reinforcing competence, and building rapport can improve adherence. For Healthcare Staff: – Autonomy in the workplace, feedback on competence, and supportive team environments increase motivation. Example: – A healthcare facility providing staff with autonomy to make care decisions within guidelines. Motivation in Healthcare Professionals Impact of Motivation: – Motivation affects job satisfaction, quality of care, performance, and retention of healthcare workers. Job Satisfaction: – Motivated professionals are more satisfied with their jobs, leading to better patient interactions. Performance: – Motivated staff are more engaged, attentive, and committed to high standards of care. Retention: – High motivation reduces turnover, providing  Factors Influencing Healthcare Professional Motivation Work Environment: – Supportive leadership and collaborative teams boost morale. Recognition and Rewards: – Acknowledging efforts and providing rewards enhances job satisfaction. Professional Development: – Opportunities to learn and grow foster  Strategies to Enhance Motivation in Healthcare Professionals Goal-Setting and Autonomy: – Involving healthcare staff in setting their own goals and providing autonomy in decision-making fosters engagement. Positive Reinforcement and Recognition: – Regular feedback and recognition keep professionals motivated. Supportive Leadership:  Applying Motivation Theory in Healthcare Settings For Healthcare Providers: – Provide opportunities for growth (Maslow, Herzberg). – Foster a supportive work environment (Herzberg’s hygiene factors). – Encourage autonomy and competence (Self- Determination Theory). For Patients: – Encourage patient autonomy in decision-making. Factors Affecting Patient Motivation Intrinsic Motivation: – Driven by internal satisfaction, like a desire to feel healthier or avoid illness. Extrinsic Motivation: – Driven by external factors, such as rewards, support from family, or praise from healthcare providers. Example: – A patient might take medication consistently to avoid further complications (extrinsic) or to feel better each day (intrinsic). Enhancing Patient Motivation Goal-Setting: – Setting achievable health goals can help patients stay focused and motivated. Positive Reinforcement: – Acknowledging patient progress reinforces adherence and encourages continued efforts. Supportive Environment: – Creating a non-judgmental and supportive atmosphere helps patients feel encouraged and respected. Case Study – Motivating Patients Case Example: – A patient with hypertension is encouraged to exercise regularly. Strategies Used: – Set clear, manageable exercise goals. – Offer praise for each milestone. – Provide education on the benefits of exercise for blood pressure. Outcome: – Patient feels empowered and motivated to make long-term changes.  Case Study – Motivating Healthcare Professionals Case Example: – A nursing team faces high stress and burnout. Strategies Used: – Implement a weekly recognition program for outstanding efforts. – Provide stress-management workshops. – Encourage team collaboration to share workloads. Outcome: Group Activity – Motivation in Practice Instructions: – Divide students into groups and provide each group with a healthcare scenario involving either patients or providers. Objective: – Each group will identify the motivational challenges in the scenario and propose strategies to enhance motivation. Discussion Points: Group Discussion Facilitation: – Invite each group to present their analysis. Focus Points: – Types of motivation (intrinsic/extrinsic) and their impact. – Specific strategies that could improve outcomes. – Real-world relevance of the discussed motivation techniques