Lecture Notes - The Scientific Revolution PDF

The Scientific Revolution Lesson Students will evaluate the Objectives: implications of Copernicus, Galileo, Newton, and other scientific minds of the 17th and 18th centuries What is the With a partner,...

The Scientific Revolution Lesson Students will evaluate the Objectives: implications of Copernicus, Galileo, Newton, and other scientific minds of the 17th and 18th centuries What is the With a partner, discuss Scientific the following question (no looking ahead, no Revolution? technology): What was the Scientific Revolution? What was the It is the beginning of a Scientific great intellectual transformation that Revolution? leads to the modern world ▪ By the end of the revolution, Europe is about to embark on the Enlightenment, a cultural movement that largely rejected  1. The truth is Let’s discuss: determined by religious beliefs How do you know 2. The truth is known by making experiments something is and evaluating the true? results How was the Scholars usually decided what was true by referring to truth decided the Bible or the teachings of ancient Greek or Roman before the thinkers Revolution? Most people believed that the earth was motionless, and at the center of the universe This is the geocentric theory, and Christians assumed that God placed the Earth in the  Logic over faith What were the Questioning: discrepancy principles of the between observation and Scientific expectations springboards Revolution? into a search for truth Verify: use mathematics to prove a point Observe > Experiment > Publish  Published On the Revolutions Who was of Heavenly Spheres ○ proposed the heliocentric Nicolaus theory (the sun is at the center of the universe) Copernicus? Copernicus’s theory was not exactly correct, and he was not the only one to advance the theory. His work was the foundation for later astronomers like Galileo and Kepler.  Built his own telescope and Who was used it to observe the solar system Galileo Galilei? Published a book describing his discovery of dark spots on the sun and that the moon had mountains (a rough surface) Meanwhile….the Church had taught that the “heavens” were fixed, What In 1633, he was arrested happened to and brought before the Inquisition, and spent the Galileo? rest of his life under house arrest Under threat of torture, he “confessed” that he was wrong In 1992, the Catholic Church admitted that Galileo was, in fact, correct  Argued that truth is only known after a long process of Who were Bacon investigation and Descartes? Bacon stressed experimentation and observation for understanding Descartes believed that human reasoning was the best road to understanding ○ Concluded that doubt was the only thing he could not question ○ And that in order to doubt, he had to exist as a rational, thinking being. ○ “I think, therefore I am.” What is the Scientific Method? A step-by-step process of discovery, based on careful observation and measurement of data. This was a revolution in THOUGHT.  Tycho Brahe and Johannes Kepler were Who were Brahe two European astronomers and mathematicians who worked together and Kepler? in 1600. Brahe gathered up huge amounts of astronomical information about the motion of planets and stars in the night sky. Kepler calculated the Laws of Planetary Motion based on Brahe’s observations. Kepler also determined that planetary orbits were elliptical and not perfectly round as was thought.  He’s the guy who put all Who is Isaac of this science stuff Newton? together! ○ Built upon the work of Copernicus and Galileo The most influential scientist of the revolution He used math to prove the existence of gravity - a force that kept planets in their orbits around the sun, and also caused Who is Isaac According to a popular Newton? story, Newton saw an apple fall from a tree, and wondered if the force that pulled the apple to the Earth also controlled the movement of the planets. Newton argued that nature followed laws. Who is Isaac Newton published his Newton? scientific ideas in his book He discovered laws of light and color, and formulated the laws of motion He invented calculus: a method of mathematical analysis.  Microscope - Janssen What were some other scientific Barometer - Torricelli breakthroughs? Thermometer - Fahrenheit and Celsius Anatomy - Vesalius Smallpox vaccine - Jenner Chemistry - Boyle