KIN 280 Sensory Components Lecture 10 (2025) PDF

Review Which sensory receptors (think proprioceptors) are most active in this individual’s bicep right now? Rank Responses 1 1 www.vectorstock.com 1  KIN 280 – Motor control and...

Review Which sensory receptors (think proprioceptors) are most active in this individual’s bicep right now? Rank Responses 1 1 www.vectorstock.com 1  KIN 280 – Motor control and Learning Sensory Components Faculty of Kinesiology and Health Studies University of Regina, Regina, SK January 29, 2025 2 Sensory Components Learning Outcomes: Describe the role of vision in motor control Describe key anatomical components of the eye and neural pathways for vision 3 Sensory Components Vision often “overrides” proprioceptive and tactile information 4  Sensory Components We commonly give vision a predominant role when we perform motor skills Especially in early stages of learning Video from last class With no proprioceptive or tactile feedback, https://www.shutterstock.com/video/clip-11568908-emotional-school-girl-looking-camera-like-computer Ian Waterman was able to regain many movement 5  Sensory Components Vision is a dominant sense in the motor system Critical for movement planning and initiation Little bit of tactile and propriocepti ve info used here too Mostly proprioception, tactile 6 information, little Sensory Components Vision provides the CNS with key info to plan movement trajectories e.g., study of deafferented patients viewing static hand position (vision compensates for lack of proprioception) Ghez et al. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol, 7 1990.  Sensory Components For some movements, vision is also used for online control (i.e., correcting a movement as it is executed, 100 to 160 msec needed to utilize visual feedback) Goal-directed reaching tasks – vision key in determining where the hand and target are initially, where the target is during the movement; proprioception key in determining where the hand is during the movement Skills that require leading a target may use vision to make online corrections. Other skills require timing when an object will arrive (e.g., catching, “keep your eye on the ball”) 8 Sensory Components Central and peripheral vision 1) Fixate on the cup – central vision 2) Begin to move the hand – peripheral vision 3) Nearing the cup – central vision *Occlude peripheral vision and time to reach the cup will increase Peripheral vision key during locomotion (avoiding obstacles) 9  Sensory Components Neural and anatomical components Cornea – clear surface covering the front of the eye Pupil – the opening in the eye that lets in light Iris – the eye structure that surrounds the pupil Lens – the transparent eye structure that sits behind the iris Retina – the eye structure that lines the back wall of the eye, contains photoreceptors that transmit info to the brain 10 Sensory Components Two types of photoreceptors on the retina: Rods – respond to low light, located on retina periphery Cones – respond to bright light, located on retina centre, involved in colour vision 1) Light waves from the cornea and lens reach the retina 2) Rods and cones activated 3) Info transmitted along optic nerves 4) Info may or may not cross over to opposite side of brain 5) Passes through thalamus 6) Continues to visual cortex in occipital lobe 11 Sensory Components Two stream hypothesis: Dorsal stream – the ‘action’ Dorsal stream, projects to the parietal lobe stream (remember PPC?), guidance of actions, spatial awareness Ventral stream – the ‘perceptual’ stream, projects to the temporal lobe, object recognition and form representation Both streams then output to frontal Ventral stream cortex, where information can be processed and passed on to motor areas 12  Sensory Components In the rubberhand illusion, vision _________ a person’s proprioceptive and tactile feedback processing. Rank Responses 1 OVERRIDES 2 ASSISTS 3 CHANGES 4 ENHANCES 5 RESPONSE 6 TAKES OVER 13 Sensory Components Central vision is more involved in: A. Movement planning B. Movement guidance 14 Sensory Components Peripheral vision is more involved in: A. Movement planning B. Movement guidance 15 Sensory Components Which visual “stream” do you think is most involved in movement planning? Movement guidance? Dorsal stream – the ‘action’ stream, projects to the parietal lobe (remember PPC?), guidance of actions, spatial awareness Ventral stream – the ‘perceptual’ stream, projects to the temporal lobe, object recognition and form representation 16 Sensory Components Summary of Learning Outcomes: Describe the role of vision in motor control Highly involved in movement planning; Somewhat less involved in action correction Describe key anatomical components of the eye and neural pathways for vision Cornea, pupil, iris, lens, retina, rods, cones, two-stream hypothesis 17 Sensory Components Next up – Review class 18