Lecture Slides: Module 2 Tissues PDF

Property of Dr. Drake Content may not be used in any manner or for any purpose without the express written consent of Dr. Drake and 3rd party where applicable (e.g. Wiley, LWW, etc.) Module 2: Tissues Part C: Focus from Epithelial...

Property of Dr. Drake Content may not be used in any manner or for any purpose without the express written consent of Dr. Drake and 3rd party where applicable (e.g. Wiley, LWW, etc.) Module 2: Tissues Part C: Focus from Epithelial and Connective Tissues All slides are Property of Dr. Drake Content may not be used in any manner or for any purpose without the express written consent of Dr. Drake and 3rd party where applicable (e.g. John Wiley & Sons Inc., LWW, Pearson Education Inc., Researchgate.net, etc.) 1 1  Property of Dr. Drake Content may not be used in any manner or for any purpose without the express written consent of Dr. Drake and 3rd party where applicable (e.g. Wiley, LWW, etc.) Property of Dr. Drake Objectives To guide your focus for test preparation Review Modules 2A and 2B (then 2C) – May have to review parts of modules a few times – 2A and 2B give the context that will help you understand the material 2 2  Property of Dr. Drake Content may not be used in any manner or for any purpose without the express written consent of Dr. Drake and 3rd party where applicable (e.g. Wiley, LWW, etc.) Property of Dr. Drake Terms & Definitions Need to know the terms and definitions – e.g. What is a tissue? A group of cells that are … Four main types of tissues – What are examples of each of the 4 types? – What do each of these 4 types do? Which one protects? Which one supports? Etc. 3 3  Property of Dr. Drake Content may not be used in any manner or for any purpose without the express written consent of Dr. Drake and 3rd party where applicable (e.g. Wiley, LWW, etc.) Property of Dr. Drake Epithelial Tissue Two types: Covering/lining and Glandular – Know examples of each given in Mod 2A – Both types form boundaries between diff environments Lining between inside/outside Glandular boundary between tunnel/inner part & rest of body Decide what gets to cross the boundaries – Function based on location/specialization of groups of cells (understand each function; examples for each): 1. Physical protection (e.g. skin, bladder) 2. Absorption (e.g. small intestine, kidney) 3. Sensation (e.g. rods/cones, taste buds, respiratory) 4. Secretion (e.g. exocrine/endocrine glands); more next slide Which function is the key function? 4 4  Property of Dr. Drake Content may not be used in any manner or for any purpose without the express written consent of Dr. Drake and 3rd party where applicable (e.g. Wiley, LWW, etc.) Property of Dr. Drake Epithelial Tissue Two types: Covering/lining and Glandular – Know examples of each given in Mod 2A – Both types form boundaries between diff environments Lining between inside/outside Glandular boundary between tunnel/inner part & rest of body Decide what gets to cross the boundaries – Function based on location/specialization of groups of cells (understand each function + examples for each): 1. Physical protection (e.g. skin, bladder) 2. Absorption (e.g. small intestine, kidney) 3. Sensation (e.g. rods/cones, taste buds, respiratory) 4. Secretion (e.g. exocrine/endocrine glands); more next slide Which function is the key function? 5 5  Property of Dr. Drake Content may not be used in any manner or for any purpose without the express written consent of Dr. Drake and 3rd party where applicable (e.g. Wiley, LWW, etc.) Property of Dr. Drake Epithelial Tissue Function 4 continued – Secretion Where does this occur? Glands Types of glands = Endocrine and Exocrine – Know the difference between these and examples; note different number of layers of epithelia, and think about why they would be single or multi-layered – Endocrine Secretes products directly into bloodstream so it can go anywhere in whole body Thyroid and pituitary hormones, pancreas (insulin) – Exocrine Secretes into ducts that take products to desired and one specific location in body Saliva glands – only to particular areas of mouth Sweat glands – have lots, have specific ducts to take to skin, each can only impact a localized area 6 6  Property of Dr. Drake Content may not be used in any manner or for any purpose without the express written consent of Dr. Drake and 3rd party where applicable (e.g. Wiley, LWW, etc.) Property of Dr. Drake Epithelial Tissue – General Structure General structure – parts: – Apical – Basal surface – Basal lamina For each part: – Know what each is and what is connected to what – Which is part of the basement membrane? – What is the basement membrane? 7 7  Property of Dr. Drake Content may not be used in any manner or for any purpose without the express written consent of Dr. Drake and 3rd party where applicable (e.g. Wiley, LWW, etc.) Property of Dr. Drake Epithelial Tissue – Classification Classification is done by: – Number of layers Simple (including pseudostratified) Stratified (including transitional) – Shape Squamous Cuboidal Columnar Know the ‘Rules of thumb’ Where would you find combos of layers/shape in different configurations? Why? (hint – function) – E.g. simple vs stratified cuboidal 8 8  Property of Dr. Drake Content may not be used in any manner or for any purpose without the express written consent of Dr. Drake and 3rd party where applicable (e.g. Wiley, LWW, etc.) Property of Dr. Drake Connective Tissue What is this tissue’s overall role? Support What are all types of CT developed from? Mesenchyme 4 types (more next slide) 1. CT proper (loose, dense) 2. Cartilage 3. Bone 4. Blood 6 functions (know what each function means, examples) 1. Supporting 2. Binding 3. Storing reserve fuel 4. Transporting substances 5. Protecting 6. Immune Protection 9 9  Property of Dr. Drake Content may not be used in any manner or for any purpose without the express written consent of Dr. Drake and 3rd party where applicable (e.g. Wiley, LWW, etc.) Property of Dr. Drake Connective Tissue – Structural Elements 4 types but same 3 structural elements – Function of CT changes depending on concentration of 3 structural elements 1. Cells: (macrophages, fibroblasts, mast cells, plasma cells, neutrophils, Eosinophils, and adipocytes) 2. Ground substance (nonliving gelatinous tissue) 3. Fibers (nonliving; elastic, reticular, collagen) – Ground substance + fibers = extracellular matrix (nonliving component of CT) 10 10  Property of Dr. Drake Content may not be used in any manner or for any purpose without the express written consent of Dr. Drake and 3rd party where applicable (e.g. Wiley, LWW, etc.) Property of Dr. Drake Connective Tissue – Structural Elements 1. Cells: – Defense cells (breakdown invaders; 2nd line of defense after epithelia) Macrophage, mast cells, plasma cells, eosinophils, neutrophils – Fibroblasts make fibers and ground substance – Adipose cells (aka adipocytes): contain lipid, energy storage, cushion/protect, some hormones 2. Ground substance (nonliving gelatinous tissue) 3. Fibers – Elastic: yellow, allows for stretch and recoil, elastin protein – Reticular: white, tough but flexible, branching/lattice network, collagen protein – Collagen: white, strong, flexible, resistant to stretch, collagen protein 11 11  Property of Dr. Drake Content may not be used in any manner or for any purpose without the express written consent of Dr. Drake and 3rd party where applicable (e.g. Wiley, LWW, etc.) Property of Dr. Drake Connective Tissue: Types (and subtypes) Description, examples of where can find it: 1. Connective tissue proper – Loose Areolar – Least specialized type, lots of cell combos so lots structures/functions – Found in skin, lining of capillaries Adipose – Mostly adipocytes; contain lipids – Found in female breast, around some organs for protection (e.g. blood vessels of heart) Reticular – Mostly reticular fibers, form supporting frameworks – Found in liver, spleen, lymph nodes (organs that trap fluids) – Dense (Regular, irregular, elastic) – next slide 12 12  Property of Dr. Drake Content may not be used in any manner or for any purpose without the express written consent of Dr. Drake and 3rd party where applicable (e.g. Wiley, LWW, etc.) Property of Dr. Drake Connective Tissue: Types (and subtypes) Description, examples of where can find it: 1. Connective tissue proper – Loose (areolar, adipose, reticular) – previous slide – Dense (have more fibers vs loose CTP) Regular – Lots aligned collagen fibers (very strong in one direction) – Found in ligaments, tendons Irregular – Collagen fibers in irregular/mesh pattern, multi-directionally strong – Found in skin, lining around bone/cartilage (periosteum, perichondrium) Elastic – Collagen and elastic fibers, stretch and recoil – Found in arteries, ligamentum flava 13 13  Property of Dr. Drake Content may not be used in any manner or for any purpose without the express written consent of Dr. Drake and 3rd party where applicable (e.g. Wiley, LWW, etc.) Property of Dr. Drake Connective Tissue: Types (and subtypes) Description, examples of where can find it: Cartilage – general language needed first – Chondrocyte (cartilage cell): develop from chondroblasts; produce collagen, elastic fibers, ground substance (like fibroblasts) – Chondroitin sulfate in cartilage ground substance; gives resiliency so can take > force/area (stress) – Perichondrium is dense layer of CT covering cartilage Breakdown cartilage information like #1 Connective Tissue Proper (Loose and Dense) shown on previous slides using Mod 2B 2. Cartilage – Hyaline – Elastic – Fibrocartilage 14 14  Property of Dr. Drake Content may not be used in any manner or for any purpose without the express written consent of Dr. Drake and 3rd party where applicable (e.g. Wiley, LWW, etc.) Property of Dr. Drake Connective Tissue: Types (and subtypes) Description, examples of where can find it: 3. Bone – Looks different from other CTs, but is a CT! – Biggest role is support, but also protects, houses blood-forming cells – Relatively tough, only has collagen, has calcium – Subtypes: Compact: is harder than spongy Spongy: where things stored (marrow) – More detail in skeletal system module 4. Blood – Looks different from other CTs, but is a CT! – Has plasma and cells (red/white blood cells, platelets) – Main function is transport to support tissues (blood carries stuff in it to all over the body) – More detail in cardiovascular system module 15 15  Property of Dr. Drake Content may not be used in any manner or for any purpose without the express written consent of Dr. Drake and 3rd party where applicable (e.g. Wiley, LWW, etc.) Property of Dr. Drake Membranes: Membranes = epithelia + CT + basement membrane Types: – Skin (aka cutaneous membrane) = epidermis (epithelia) + dermis (CT) – Mucous = epithelia + Loose CT Lines inside of organs (respiratory, urinary, digestive, reproductive) – Serous = simple epithelia + loose CT Produces thin watery fluid; found in two layers; surrounds lungs, heart – Synovial = synovial cells + Loose CT Technically NOT epithelial membrane Lines synovial joint cavities, secretes synovial fluid 16 16  Property of Dr. Drake Content may not be used in any manner or for any purpose without the express written consent of Dr. Drake and 3rd party where applicable (e.g. Wiley, LWW, etc.) Property of Dr. Drake Recap After reviewing Mod 2A and 2B, Mod 2C will help guide your focus for test preparation Additional tips will be given in the in-person active learning class for Tissues I suggest you review Mod 2A and 2B first, and then Mod 2C, and go back to Mod 2A/B as needed to help craft your study notes 17 17