Uk Beef Production Lecture 6.5 PDF

UK Beef Production Simon Parker  Breeds of Beef Cattle Traditional British Continental Aberdeen Angus Charolais Welsh Black Limousin Hereford Simmental Belgian Blue Sussex South Devon...

UK Beef Production Simon Parker  Breeds of Beef Cattle Traditional British Continental Aberdeen Angus Charolais Welsh Black Limousin Hereford Simmental Belgian Blue Sussex South Devon Wagyu – specifically Lincoln Red “Kobe” Stabilis er  General Characteristics Traditional British Breeds Continental Breeds Smaller (580kg Larger (735kg mature bull) mature bull) Later maturing Early Maturing Able to put on weight Native before becoming fat Mothering Ability Good conformation Ease of calving Subcutaneous fat Many poll breeds (no horns) Kobe / Wagu Intermuscular fat – Very specifically intramuscular fat  Producers Dairy Producers – Dairy Cross Calves – Dairy Dam x Beef sire – “by product” of the dairy industry Beef Producers – Pure Beef Calves – Beef Dam x Beef sire – Purpose bred and reared for beef production  Production Systems Veal Production Extensive Slaughter at 6 to 9 Slaughter at 30 months months + Milk and forage Reared on dam diet Grazing and forage Semi-Intensive diet Intensive Weaned at 5 weeks Weaned at 5 weeks Slaughter at 18 to 30 Slaughter at 13 – 18 months months Forage + supplement Barley + long fibre diet diet  Veal UK Producers refer to “Rosé Veal” – Not pure white, a more red / dark meat. 0.14% of “beef” produced in UK – UK consumption estimate C. 3000t – UK production estimate C. 1300t Rearing – Higher Welfare – Groups (social need) – No crates used in the UK, banned in EU in 2007 Feed – Milk fed to 2 months + – Offered forage after 2 months – May be offered milk until slaughter (not ad lib) Intensive Systems – “Barley Beef” / “Bull Beef” Target: – Daily LWG 1.35 Kg day-1 over 13 months – Slaughter Weight at 13 months 520kg Diet – Dominantly Barley based (rolled, Crushed, Milled) May be additional supplements – mineral licks – Supplemented with long fibre – barley straw Housing – In groups – Robust to accommodate entire males – Handling / Medication in appropriate systems  Semi – Intensive Beef Target Production – Daily Live weight gain targets of 1gk day -1 – Slaughter weight at 24 Months 650 kg – DLWG adjusted according to diet On “brought in feed” – reduce DLWG On forage / grazing – increase DLWG – To store an animal is to reduce its growth, it then demonstrates compensatory growth on cheaper feed later Diet – Dominantly forage, with minimal supplementary feed Housing – In as a group, out to graze, back in as a group – Steers / Bullocks & Heifers mixed is common  Extensive / Suckler Beef Target (Based on Charolais, adjust for other breeds) – Pre-weaning 1.1kg day: Weaning Weight 300kg – Slaughter weight 650 – 700Kg – at C 30 months Diet – Left to suckle Dam until weaning naturally or up to 6 months if sold – Dominantly forage (grazed and stored forage) Housing – Often over wintered on field with shelter – May be sold off the dam as store for finish elsewhere 2nd target – 1 Calf Cow-1 Year-1 Impacts on Beef Producers Bovine Spongiform Encephalitis (BSE) – 1986 - BSE Identified – 1995 - 1st Creutzfeldt Jacob Disease (CJD) death – 1996 – Connection between BSE & CJD – March 1996 – Over 30 month (OTM) ban on cattle for human consumption – 7 November 2005 – OTM rule lifted Now: – Farm Assured British Beef & Lamb “FABBL” – “Little Red Tractor” – – Ban on offal in cattle diet (inc: Spinal cord and brain) Value (January 2014 to January 2024) (AHDB Deadweight Cattle Values – All Prime) Current Values Linked Here  Producer Organisation EBLEX – Now AHDB Beef & Lamb “The Organisation for the English Beef and Lamb Industry” Assist the supply chain for English beef and lamb Add value to the beef and sheep industry Funded by levy from producers From April 2024 Slaughter/ export levy Producer levy £/head £/head Cattle £1.69 £5.06 Calves (not exceeding 68 kg deadweight or under 6 £0.10 (10p) £0.10 (10p) months of age if exported) Sheep £0.25 (25p) £0.75 (75p)  Dressing Out % That proportion of the live animal that is presented as carcass Function of gender, breed, conformation, feed, Beef Cuts – Value Carcass Beef Markets – Offal Offal Distributi on Cattle Carcass Classification Fat class – Increasing Fat cover  Conformation Class – Improving Conformation   Meat Quality Intramuscular fat – Within each individual muscle A beef quality questionnaire revealed that colour, price, visible fat and cut were the most important factors underlying beef steak purchase. Wagyu Beef Marbling Standards Canadian Meat Grading  Estimated Breeding Value: EBV A measure of genetic value passed to progeny. – Calving Ease – Gestation length – Birth weight – 200, 400 & 600 day weight – Mature Weight – Carcass Weight – Retail Beef yield (Killing Out % equivalent) – Intramuscular Fat – Eye Muscle Area – (high value cuts) – BSCS Terminal production Index =£ (BSCS British Simmental Cattle Society)  Environmental Impact of Red Meat Production Koneswaran, G & Nierenberg, D Environmental health, 2008 Background: “The farm animal sector is the single largest anthropogenic user of land, contributing to many environmental problems, including global warming and climate change”.  Environmental Impact of Red Meat Production Beef Production and Greenhouse Gas Emissions Alex Avery and Dennis Avery In their article discussing the impacts of farm animal production on climate change, Koneswaran and Nierenberg (2008) called for “immediate and far- reaching changes in current animal agriculture practices” to mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions… Are these claims misleading? They compared organic beef produced in Sweden (22.3 kg of carbon dioxide- equivalent GHG emissions per kilogram of beef) with resource-intensive Kobe beef production in Japan (36.4 kg of CO2-equivalent GHG emissions per kilogram)  Environmental Impact of Red Meat Production Methane emissions from feedlot cattle fed barley or corn diets, J. Animal Science, 2005: Beauchemin & McGinn Methane emitted from the livestock sector contributes to greenhouse gas emissions worldwide. Understanding the variability in enteric methane production related to diet is essential to decreasing uncertainty in greenhouse gas emission inventories and to identifying viable greenhouse gas reduction strategies.  Environmental Impact of Red Meat Production Comparison of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Beef Finishing Systems: Feedlot vs Pasture; Lee & Carlson, “(Hypothetical) Report prepared for Whole Foods Market” Comparison of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Beef Finishing Systems: Feedlot vs Pasture (wisc.edu) There is interest in comparing the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from feedlot versus pasture beef production systems due to increasing concern over global warming and the potential for a premium for products that address that concern. To make that comparison, a literature review was used to perform a finishing phase to dinner plate life cycle assessment of the two production systems. It was found that while feedlot-finished beef had lower GHG emissions for enteric fermentation, feed production, and manure management, GHG mitigation from carbon sequestration had a high enough impact in pasture systems that the total GHG emissions from pasture systems was lower than from feedlot systems. From that result, there may be justification for a premium on grass-fed beef based on the claim that it is associated with less GHG emissions.  Environmental Impact of Red Meat Production But.. University of Oxford “researchers”: “An international research collaboration has revealed that the belief that grass- fed livestock are good for the environment may be misplaced. The newly published report suggests that not only are cattle pastures not a climate solution, they directly contribute to the problem.” Is grass-fed beef good or bad for the climate? | University of Oxfo rd  Environmental Impact of Red Meat Production 2022: Bull beef systems can reduce greenhouse gas emissions by up to 32% Teagasc research modelling greenhouse gas emissions from beef systems shows the huge potential of bull beef systems in Ireland. Declan Marren writes. Link attached here  Q&A These Search engine results are from Google These search engine results are from Google scholar AHDB Beef Promotion Aberdeen Angus Bac k Welsh Black Bac k  Hereford Double recessive– Horned is recessive to Poll Bac k Sussex Bac k South Devon Bac k Lincoln Red Bac k Charolais Bac k Limousin Bac Simmental Bac k Belgian Blue Bac k Wagyu Bac k  Stabiliser “Composite” breed: Gelbvieh, Hereford, Red Angus and SimmentalBac k cross  UK Offal Exports (For re- export) Tripe (Central and E. Europe) Tripe, Ox livers, Head meat (France, Be, S. Europe) Tripe, heels, Sweetbreads Skirts, Cheeks, Tails, Tongues Back