Disaster Management Lecture PDF

At the end of this discussion ,candidates will be able to : Define disaster. Classify types and characteristics of disasters. Identify Elements Affected During Disaster. Enumerate community health problems resulting from disasters. Identify the Principles of disaster management. Explain dis...

At the end of this discussion ,candidates will be able to : Define disaster. Classify types and characteristics of disasters. Identify Elements Affected During Disaster. Enumerate community health problems resulting from disasters. Identify the Principles of disaster management. Explain disaster management phases  Introduction and definition. Types of disaster. Characteristics of Disasters. Impact of disaster on individual and community. Disaster Management Strategy: -Definition -Phases -Principles of Disaster Management Role of Community Health Nurse. Disaster occurrence is a global phenomenon. It can occur at any where at any time. It causes a level of destruction , Exceeds the abilities of the affected community, needs outside assistance is required.  DISASTER A catastrophe, that causes damage, economic disruption, loss of human life, human suffering, destruction of property , deterioration in health and health services which adversely affects individual and families and communities with severity that beyond the coping capacity of the community of the affected area. A. Natural disasters the forces of nature & changes which may cause damage to the shape of the land or to the lives of people and other living things.  Natural disasters Examples: Geophysical (earthquakes, tsunamis and volcanic activity) Hydrological (floods) Climatological (extreme temperatures , wildfires) Biological (pandemics disease). B. Man-made Events that are caused by humans and occur in human settlements. This can include pollution, terrorism and accidents.  Characteristics of disaster Predictability (Is influenced by the type of disaster). 1 Frequency 2 Controllability 3 Time (speed of onset , time available for warning, actual time 4 in impact phase ) Scope (its range of effect, either geographically or in terms of 5 the number of victims) & Intensity (Is the level of destruction it causes)  1. Predictability Predictable Unpredictable Natural Man Natural Man made (weather related made Ex. Ex. disaster ) - Terrorism , - Ex. War - Earthquake Accidents Ex. tornadoes, - Tsunami floods, Hurricanes  2.Frequency Disasters appear more often in geographical locations. High Frequency may or may not prepare citizen for their occurrence. 3. Controllability Allow for pre-warning and control measures that can reduce the impact of disaster  4. Time Speed of onset of the disaster (sudden or gradual) Ex. ( Terrorism / Hurricanes) Time available for warning the population (hours , days ,…) Ex. ( War )  5. Scope & intensity  Disaster may be concentrated in very small area or very large area  Disaster may be very intense with highly destructive causing many injuries, deaths and properties damage  Or may be less intense with little damage.  PHYSICAL  Gastrointestinal problems, rapid heart rate , tremors , headaches & pain, fatigue , poor sleep. COGNITIVE  Poor concentration , confusion , short attention span , memory loss and difficulty in making decisions.  EMOTIONAL  Depression , feeling lost, and fear, sadness. BEHAVIORAL  Suspicion , irritability , withdrawal, increased or decreased eating , increased smoking and increased substance abuse. The impact of disaster on Community  Mortality & Morbidity Disasters cause deaths, injuries, and illnesses. Health Care Infrastructure \ Disasters may destroy hospitals, disrupt routine health services for long time.  Environment Disasters may increase environmental hazards Ex. air / water pollution. Psychological and Social Behavior Disasters may cause generalized panic or paralyzing trauma, increases anxiety, depression and lead to post- traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).  Food Supply Disasters may disrupt the food supply leading to food shortages so provoke severe nutritional consequences including starvation. Population Displacement Disasters may cause spontaneous or organized population movements. Disaster management phases Thank You