Disaster Management Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is a global phenomenon that can happen anywhere at any time, causing destruction that exceeds the abilities of the affected community and requires outside assistance?

Disaster

What are the five characteristics of a disaster?

Predictability, Frequency, Controllability, Time, Scope and Intensity

Which of these is an example of an unpredictable disaster? (Select all that apply)

  • Earthquake (correct)
  • Floods
  • Tornadoes
  • War
  • Tsunami (correct)
  • Terrorism (correct)
  • Accidents (correct)

What are two areas in which disasters can have an impact?

<p>Community (A), Individual (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some potential negative psychological impacts of a disaster on an individual? (Select all that apply)

<p>Withdrawal (A), Suspicion (B), Feeling Lost (C), Fear (D), Irritability (E), Increased Smoking (F), Poor Sleep (G), Confusion (I), Poor Concentration (K), Depression (L), Memory Loss (O), Increased Substance Abuse (P), Short Attention Span (Q), Increased or Decreased Eating (R), Fatigue (S), Sadness (T)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some of the potential impacts of disasters on a community? (Select all that apply)

<p>Population Displacement (A), Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) (B), Trauma (C), Anxiety (D), Depression (E), Panic (F), Mortality (G), Destruction of Health Care Infrastructure (H), Increased Environmental Hazards (I), Morbidity (J), Loss of Livelihoods (K), Food Shortages (L)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The four phases of disaster management are:

<p>Recovery (A), Mitigation (B), Preparedness (C), Response (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of disaster management focuses on reducing the potential for harm and minimizing the impact of disasters?

<p>Mitigation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of disaster management focuses on ensuring individuals and communities are ready to respond to a disaster?

<p>Preparedness (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Disaster Definition

A catastrophic event causing significant damage, economic disruption, loss of life, suffering, property destruction, deterioration in health and health services; exceeding the community's coping capacity.

Natural Disaster Types

Events resulting from natural forces, including geophysical (earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanoes), hydrological (floods), climatological (extreme heat/cold, wildfires), and biological (pandemics).

Man-Made Disaster

Events caused by human actions, including pollution, terrorism, and accidents.

Disaster Characteristics: Predictability

How predictable a disaster is, ranging from predictable (weather-related) to unpredictable (earthquakes, terrorism).

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Disaster Characteristics: Frequency

How often a disaster occurs in a location.

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Disaster Characteristics: Controllability

Degree to which a disaster can be managed or mitigated.

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Disaster Characteristics: Time

The speed of onset, warning time, and duration of a disaster impact.

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Disaster Characteristics: Scope and Intensity

The geographic range and severity of damage caused by a disaster.

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Disaster Impact: Health Issues

Physical (e.g., injuries, rapid heartbeat), cognitive (e.g., confusion), emotional (e.g., fear, depression), and behavioral (e.g., substance abuse) problems resulting from the disaster.

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Disaster Impact on Community (Mortality)

Deaths resulting from the disaster.

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Disaster Impact on Community (Morbidity)

Illnesses resulting from the disaster.

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Disaster Impact on Community (Health Infrastructure)

Destruction or disruption of health care services during a disaster.

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Disaster Impact on Community (Environment)

Increased environmental hazards following a disaster (e.g., pollution).

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Disaster Impact on Community (Psychological)

Generalized panic, trauma, anxiety, depression, and PTSD that can affect a community.

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Disaster Impact on Community (Population Displacement)

Movement of people before or after a disaster due to damage or safety concerns.

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Disaster Impact on Community (Food)

Disrupted food supply leading to shortages and nutritional issues.

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Disaster Management Phases

A structured sequence of actions taken to prepare for, respond to, and recover from disasters.

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Study Notes

Disaster Management

  • Disaster is a catastrophe causing damage, economic disruption, loss of life, human suffering, destruction of property, and deterioration in health services. It exceeds the coping capacity of the affected community, requiring outside assistance.

  • Disasters can be natural (forces of nature) or man-made (events caused by humans).

    • Natural disasters include geophysical (earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic activity), hydrological (floods), climatological (extreme temperatures, wildfires), and biological (pandemics, disease).
    • Man-made disasters include pollution, terrorism, and accidents.

  • Characteristics of disasters:

    • Predictability: influenced by the type of disaster
    • Frequency: how often it occurs in a geographic location; high frequency does not always guarantee preparedness
    • Controllability: opportunities for pre-warning and control measures to reduce impact
    • Time: speed of onset, time available for warning, actual time in impact phase
    • Scope: range of effect (geographic area and number of victims)
    • Intensity: level of destruction

  • Impact of disaster on individuals:

    • Physical: gastrointestinal problems, rapid heartbeat, tremors, headaches, pain, fatigue, poor sleep
    • Cognitive: poor concentration, confusion, short attention span, memory loss, difficulty making decisions
    • Emotional: depression, feeling lost, fear, sadness
    • Behavioral: suspicion, irritability, withdrawal, increased or decreased eating, increased smoking, increased substance abuse

  • Impact of disaster on Community:

    • Mortality & Morbidity: deaths, injuries, and illnesses
    • Health Care Infrastructure: destruction of hospitals, disruption of routine health services
    • Environment: increase in environmental hazards (air/water pollution)
    • Psychological and Social Behavior: generalized panic, paralyzing trauma, increased anxiety, depression, and PTSD
    • Food Supply: disruption leading to shortages, nutritional consequences (starvation)
    • Population Displacement: spontaneous or organized population movements

  • Disaster Management Phases:

    • Prevention/Mitigation: public education, hazard assessment, improved infrastructure, restoring telecommunications infrastructure, improving lives, rehabilitation
    • Preparedness: national emergency telecommunications and response plans, training, exercises, early warning, standard operating procedures, communication & coordination
    • Response: search and rescue, assessing initial damage, providing first aid and humanitarian assistance, managing shelters
    • Recovery: debris removal, damage assessment, infrastructure reconstruction, restoring livelihoods, community development

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