DRRR Disaster Risk Reduction and Management PDF

Basic Disaster Concepts A disaster is an event that can cause great damage or loss to people and their way of living. Its damage exceeds the society’s ability to cope using its own resources. It may be sudden or gradual. It is not a single event and it always has various causes and conseque...

Basic Disaster Concepts A disaster is an event that can cause great damage or loss to people and their way of living. Its damage exceeds the society’s ability to cope using its own resources. It may be sudden or gradual. It is not a single event and it always has various causes and consequences. It may be classified according to the hazards it presents. Types of Disasters A. Natural a. Geophysical – earthquake, landslide, tsunami, volcanic activity. b. Hydrological – urban flood, flash flood, mud/lahar flood, avalanche. c. Climatological (Extreme Temperatures) – la nina/el nino d. Biological – disease epidemic, insect (pest) plague, animal plague B. Technological and Man-made a. Armed conflict – terrorism, invasion, ethnic cleansing, war, famine, displaced population b. Accident – industrial, vehicular Disaster preparedness refers to programs and activities used to prepare for and reduce the effects of disasters. These programs and activities are intended to predict and prevent disasters, mitigate their impact on vulnerable populations, and respond to consequences. Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) is the systematic development and application of policies, strategies, and practices that help minimize vulnerabilities and disaster risks throughout a society, to avoid or to limit adverse impact of hazards. Disaster Risk Reduction and Management (DRRM) It refers to a range of activities that maintain control over a disastrous and emergency situation. It provides a framework for helping ‘at-risk’ persons avoid or recover from the impact of disaster. It is also a collective term for all activities that contribute to increasing capacities and lead to reducing immediate and long-term vulnerabilities. DRRM is designed to avoid the creation of new risks, to deal with current risk, and to prevent greater loss by spreading risk. Concept related to DRR to DRRM Hazards are substances, phenomena, or events which have the potential to cause disruption or damage communities. Types of Hazards: Natural (earthquake) Technological 9chemical factory in an urban community); and Vehicular (overspeeding buses in narrow highways)  Vulnerabilities are any factors which increase the risks arising for a specific hazard in a specific community. They are also referred to as risk modifiers and characteristics and circumstances of a community, system, or asset that make them susceptible to the damaging effects of a hazard. Types of vulnerabilities: Physical (Poor location or houses made of light materials); Social/Organizational (conflict in the community/factions); Motivational (attitude of dependence and hopelessness); and Institutional (Inefficient barangay governance) Risks are anticipated consequences of a specific hazard interacting with a specific community at specific time. In a society, the “elements at risk” are: People (their lives and health); Household and community structures (houses and other dwelling places); Facilities and services (access roads, bridges and hospitals); Livelihood and economic activities (work, livestock, crops); and Environment (natural resources) Capacities is the combination of all strengths, attributes, and resources available within a community, society, or organization that can be used to achieve agreed goals. It may include infrastructures, institutions, human knowledge and skill, and collective attributes such as social relationships, leaderships, and managements. Here are some common activities in communities to build capacity: Coping capacity (ability to use resources and manage risks) Capacity assessment (process to identify gaps between strengths and goals) Capacity development (process to empower people through training and education) Below is an example of a simplified Risk-Hazards-Vulnerability-Capacity (RHVC) assessment table. From a group of five and study the table below. Risks Hazards Vulnerability Capacity Numerical Computation  Urban Fire - store selling - there is no 12-man Formula: recycled butane access road team fire canister in a for brigade of Hazards x densely urbanized emergency the vulnerability community vehicles. barangay Capacity - no firewalls - people are - roofs of houses are complacent 20 meters 3(H) x 3(V) connected if not very - only 1 out away from a 2 (C) near of 10 fire hydrant households have fire extinguisher s Total 3 3 2 4.5 Computation of Results: Numerical Computation Description Meaning 9-10 Extreme High Certain 6-8 High Possible 3-5 Moderate Unlikely 0-2 Low Rare Community-based Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Emergency/Disaster Management (EDM) Plan is a course of action developed to mitigate the damage of potential events that could endanger your family, your neighbourhood, or your school. An EDM plan identifies the evacuation and reunification procedures, ‘what-to-do’ and ‘where-to-go’ in the event of disasters and emergencies, and communication plan of the members of the family or an organization. Evacuation Plan is a visual representation of people’s movement to safety exit the building. It is a floor plan with lines, arrows, and a ‘you-are-here’ marker that guides people where to go to exit the building. Example of Evacuation Plan: Reunification Plan is map showing streets, passages, buildings, and vacant space. In school, a reunification plan defines how and where parents fetch their children before or after a disaster strike. It is a plan agreed by the parents or guardian and the child to meet when everything is in chaos. What-to-Do and Where-to-Go Plan are survival tips teachers and parents can provide to children. Many of these ‘what-to-do’ things include duck-cover-hold’ (during earthquakes), drop and roll (when you catch fire), blow whistle (when in danger), and stay by the walls (during stampede).  ‘Where-to-go’ are pre-identified places or people where children are instructed to go when there are emergencies or disasters. These include open grounds like playing fields, waiting areas like sheds, trusted people like family’s relatives and friends, and offices like police stations or radio stations. Communication Plan is a network of people who can provide support to family members a disaster or an emergency. It identifies layers of people who can call to come to your aid during disasters or emergencies. It provides appropriate plan of actions for family members to synchronize evacuation or to stay in shelters. Family Disaster Preparedness Plan What does it mean to prepare for a disaster? It means that you find out all that you can about a disaster and then you get ready for it. Disaster preparedness is everyone’s responsibility. You cannot put your safety and your life in the hands of another person. You can prepare for a disaster, whether you are at home or at school. Below are some steps that you can follow. 1. Find out about disasters. It is important to know the kind of disasters that can happen in school or in your neighborhood. The best way to learn is by asking questions. In group of five (5), you may visit your local disaster response office or your Philippine National Red Cross chapter and ask the following questions: What are the common disasters that occur here? What can we do to be ready? How are people warned from disasters? When will we evacuate? What supplies are we going to bring to the evacuation area? If you plan to use resources persons, you may ask the Punong Barangay, elders in the community, Chieftains or Datus of your tribe the following questions: In the last five years, what kinds of disasters had occurred here? What disaster has done the most damage to people, crops, and properties? What traditions and practices does the community/tribe do to protect themselves from such disasters? How does the government assist the communities during disasters? Does the community provide evacuation sites for people, pets, and livestock? Make a simple infographic using markers/pens, sut-out pictures, and an illustrations board to summarize the information you get from the interview. Share your findings to the class. 2. Develop a disaster plan. Meet with the whole family and share what you have learned about disasters. Using  the infographics, discuss with your family the things that you need to do to prepare for a disaster. You may start with these steps to make your family disaster plan: Design your communication plan Identify your evacuation plans. 3. Share your disaster plan with the members of the family and community Sharing what the whole family and share what you have learned about disasters. Using the infographics, discuss with your family the things that you need to do to prepare for a disaster. You may start with these steps to make your family disaster plan: All the members of the family must be familiar with the disaster plan. It must be posted in the house near the telephone or inside the guest room so that even visitors will be aware of it. 4. Start making your disaster supply kit During a disaster, you may have to evacuate (to bug out) or to stay in place (S.I.P.: Shelter-In-Place). You may not have enough time to gather what you need when you decide to evacuate or to secure your supplies at home. That is why it is essential to create a disaster supply kit or a disaster supply pantry. Here is a list of suggested supplies that a person has to provide to survive in the next three days: Canned or dried food (easy-open container) Chocolates and candies Honey Water (1 gallon per day) Flashlights (lighters with led lights are better, no batteries needed) Radio Extra batteries for flashlights/radio First aid kit and handbook Soap, hand wash, and other items to keep you clean Extra clothes (preferably with long sleeves, with hoods or malong) Extra underwear, gloves, headwear, or socks Utensils that can be used for cooking, heating and eating Signalling devices like whistle, mirror, flaglets, or luminous markers Copies of ID’s You may customize the content of these kits based on the members or the family. If there are infants or young children in the family, you may consider adding these items Baby food, bottles, and diapers Baby carriers or hammocks Medicine and vitamins If there are elders or PWDs, you may also bring the following: Extra medicine (daily maintenance) for a week  Portable and folding chairs Devices that will help them move, communicate, or navigate For parents, you may include in your kit the following items: Important documents like passports, land titles, wedding photos, and other printed documents sealed in waterproof containers Jewelry, money, bankbooks, and ATM cards Extra keys for the house and vehicles Extra hard drives or USBs sealed in waterproof containers When you have pets, leaving them behind is unimaginable but you have to know that pets and livestock are not allowed in the evacuation site so remember to bring the following: Pet foods and other health care items Small cage, collar, or leash