Lecture 6: Four Bases for Revising Essays & Essay Development PDF

Chapter 6 Four Bases for Revising Essays, Developing an Essay ©McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Authorized only for instructor use in the classroom. No reproduction or further distribution permitted without the prior ...

Chapter 6 Four Bases for Revising Essays, Developing an Essay ©McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Authorized only for instructor use in the classroom. No reproduction or further distribution permitted without the prior  Base 1: Unity To Achieve Unity… Advance a single point and stick to it. Be certain Be certain that that all of all of your your paragraph paragraph details relate details relate to your thesis. to your topic sentence. ©McGraw-Hill Education  The Key Question for Creating Unity Does this [evidence, example, experience] relate to and support my thesis? ©McGraw-Hill Education  A facts, statistics, quotations and similar information Regarding unity, consider the following paragraph from: Problems of my Adolescence. THS: As a teen, I suffered. Every day, I battled the terrible physical, family, and social troubles of adolescence. For one thing, I had to deal with a demoralizing physical problem — acne. Some days, I would wake up in the morning with a red bump the size of a taillight on my nose. Since I worried constantly about my appearance anyway, acne outbreaks could turn me into a crying, screaming maniac. Plastering on a layer of (at the time) orange-colored Clearasil, which didn’t fool anybody, I would slink into school, hoping that the boy I had a crush on would be absent that day. Within the last few years, however, treatments for acne have improved. Now, skin doctors prescribe special drugs that clear up pimples almost immediately. An acne attack could shatter whatever small amount of self-esteem I had managed to build up. ort the ideas and opinions with facts, statistics, quotations and similar information. rcent less than the FffFaveFour rage woman of the same height. Academic writing requires to support the ideas and opinions with facts, statistics, quotations and similar information. 2. Photographs of ultrathin fashion models send the wrong message to girls and young women. 3. Fashion models are unnaturally thin Academic writing requires to support the ideas and opinions with facts, statistics, quotations and similar information. 1. The average model weights 25 percent less than the average woman of the same height. 2. Photographs of ultrathin fashion models send the wrong message to girls and young women. 3. Fashion models are unnaturally thin Academic writing requires to support the ideas and opinions with facts, statistics, quotations and similar information. cademic writing requires to support the ideas and opinions with facts, statistics, quotations and similar information. ademic writing requires to support the ideas and opinions with facts, statistics, quotations and similar information.  Base 2: Support Support your Single Point with Appropriate Evidence Vivid Details should Specific be… Authoritativ e ©McGraw-Hill Education  A facts, statistics, quotations and similar information Regarding support, consider the following paragraph from: Dealing with Disappointment: THS: People can react negatively by sulking or by blaming others, or they can try to understand the reasons behind the disappointment. Sulking is one way to deal with disappointment. This attitude — Why does everything always happen to me? — is common because it is easy to adopt, but it is not very productive. Everyone has had the experience of meeting people who specialize in feeling sorry for themselves. A sulky manner will often discourage others from wanting to lend support, and it prevents the sulker from making positive moves toward self- help. It becomes easier just to sit back and sulk. Unfortunately, feeling sorry for oneself does nothing to lessen the pain of disappointment. It may, in fact, increase the pain. It certainly does not make future disappointments easier to bear. ort the ideas and opinions with facts, statistics, quotations and similar information. rcent less than the FffFaveFour rage woman of the same height. Academic writing requires to support the ideas and opinions with facts, statistics, quotations and similar information. 2. Photographs of ultrathin fashion models send the wrong message to girls and young women. 3. Fashion models are unnaturally thin Academic writing requires to support the ideas and opinions with facts, statistics, quotations and similar information. 1. The average model weights 25 percent less than the average woman of the same height. 2. Photographs of ultrathin fashion models send the wrong message to girls and young women. 3. Fashion models are unnaturally thin Academic writing requires to support the ideas and opinions with facts, statistics, quotations and similar information. cademic writing requires to support the ideas and opinions with facts, statistics, quotations and similar information. ademic writing requires to support the ideas and opinions with facts, statistics, quotations and similar information.  Base 3: Coherence To Achieve Coherence… Organize and connect your Be certain supporting your body ideas and paragraphs sentences, reflect your hence they thesis cohere or statement. stick together. ©McGraw-Hill Education , statistics, quotations and similar information Regarding coherence, consider the following paragraph from: Harmful Effects of Watching TV: THS: Television is harmful because it creates passivity, discourages communication, and presents a false picture of reality. Television makes viewers passive. Children who have an electronic babysitter spend most of their waking hours in a semiconscious state….. Worst of all, TV presents a false picture of reality that leaves viewers frustrated because they don’t have the beauty or wealth of the characters on television. Viewers absorb the idea that everyone else in the United States owns a lavish apartment, a suburban house, a sleek car, and an expensive wardrobe. Every detective, police officer, oil baron, and lawyer, male or female, is extremely good-looking and fit. The material possessions on TV shows and commercials contribute to the false image of reality. News anchors and reporters, with their perfect hair and makeup, must fit television’s standard of beauty. From their modest homes or cramped apartments, many viewers tune in daily to the upper-middle-class world that TV glorifies. Television discourages communication. Families watching television do very little talking except for brief exchanges during commercials…… ort the ideas and opinions with facts, statistics, quotations and similar information. rcent less than the FffFaveFour rage woman of the same height. Academic writing requires to support the ideas and opinions with facts, statistics, quotations and similar information. 2. Photographs of ultrathin fashion models send the wrong message to girls and young women. 3. Fashion models are unnaturally thin Academic writing requires to support the ideas and opinions with facts, statistics, quotations and similar information. 1. The average model weights 25 percent less than the average woman of the same height. 2. Photographs of ultrathin fashion models send the wrong message to girls and young women. 3. Fashion models are unnaturally thin Academic writing requires to support the ideas and opinions with facts, statistics, quotations and similar information. cademic writing requires to support the ideas and opinions with facts, statistics, quotations and similar information. ademic writing requires to support the ideas and opinions with facts, statistics, quotations and similar information.  Base 4; Sentence skills To Improve Sentence Skills… Close, critical, multiple readings are the key to improve sentence skills. Set your text aside for a day or Read your text for so and reread your clear, error free, text for clear, varied sentence error free, varied construction. sentence construction. Have tutors from your writing center Have peers read read your text for your text for clear, clear, error free, error free, varied varied sentence sentence construction. construction. ©McGraw-Hill Education  A facts, statistics, quotations and similar information Regarding sentence skills, consider the following paragraph from: “revenge”: 1Revenge is one of those things that many people enjoys. 2People don’t like to talk about it, though. 3Just the same, there is nothing more tempting, more satisfying, or with the reward of a bit of revenge. 4The purpose is not to harm the victims. 5But to let them know that they have been doing something that is upsetting. 6Careful plotting can provide relief from bothersom coworkers, gossiping friends, or nagging family members. ort the ideas and opinions with facts, statistics, quotations and similar information. rcent less than the FffFaveFour rage woman of the same height. Academic writing requires to support the ideas and opinions with facts, statistics, quotations and similar information. 2. Photographs of ultrathin fashion models send the wrong message to girls and young women. 3. Fashion models are unnaturally thin Academic writing requires to support the ideas and opinions with facts, statistics, quotations and similar information. 1. The average model weights 25 percent less than the average woman of the same height. 2. Photographs of ultrathin fashion models send the wrong message to girls and young women. 3. Fashion models are unnaturally thin Academic writing requires to support the ideas and opinions with facts, statistics, quotations and similar information. cademic writing requires to support the ideas and opinions with facts, statistics, quotations and similar information. ademic writing requires to support the ideas and opinions with facts, statistics, quotations and similar information.  Developing an Essay Important Considerations for Essay Development (1) ©McGraw-Hill Education  Important Considerations for Essay Development (1) Understanding the Nature and Length of Your Assignment Is the topic your choice or is it assigned? What question must your assignment answer? What kind of essay genre is the instructor expecting? What is the essay’s expected length? ©McGraw-Hill Education  Important Considerations for Essay Development (2) Knowing your Subject If possible, try to write on a subject that interests you, or even you know sth. about directly or indirectly. If the topic is assigned, research your subject deeply to gain background info. At a minimum, know how to accurately define your subject. ©McGraw-Hill Education  Important Considerations for Essay Development (3) Knowing your Purpose and At University, your Audience instructor is your audience who represents an educated audience that expects clear, organized, and intelligent writing. Your audience is your reader or readers. - Current audiences: sharing work with other students, judging or reviewing each-other work. - Future potential audiences: after graduation, to a wide range of audiences. ©McGraw-Hill Education  The Three Pillars of Purpose This writing genre gives information based upon facts To Inform that seeks to teach the reader about a given subject. This writing genre attempts to get the reader to agree To on a specific point with the Persuade writer on a given subject. To to appeal to the reader’s Entertain senses and imagination. ©McGraw-Hill Education  Keys Words that Reveal Purpose define, illustrate, contrast, explain, Informin describe. g argue, contend, Persuading agree/disagree, why. & What I wanted, to amuse & Entertainin delight. g ©McGraw-Hill Education  Some Key Questions When Considering Audience How much does my audience already know about the subject? Why might the reader need or want to read this material? Is my purpose to inform the audience, or is my purpose to convince the audience of something? Why type of language should be used in the text? ©McGraw-Hill Education  The Three Points of View First person – Third person Second person I, me, mine, – You – He, she, we, are us their, them, they This viewpoint is This This viewpoint used in personal viewpoint does not narratives and speaks directly refer to reflections. directly to the the reader or reader and the writer. offers directions or It is the most explanations. common viewpoint in academic writing. ©McGraw-Hill Education  Defining Peer Review The overt practice of getting meaningful feedback on your writing. This practice may occur at any stage of the writing process. ©McGraw-Hill Education  Making Peer Review Work Be open to the process. Follow provided Be prepared guidelines. with a solid draft. Read your text aloud. ©McGraw-Hill Education  The Art of Commenting Avoid the general: “It’s good.” “I liked it.” Don’t merely edit for grammar and Look to punctuation comment on errors (Though, obvious parts: you should the thesis, note them unity, when you see organization. them.) Don’t forget to Suggest specific compliment on improvements. the good things. ©McGraw-Hill Education  Conducting a Personal Review Consider Self- peer review critique is comments, just as but do not vital as feel peer obligated to review. incorporate them all. Read for the Read your obvious essay aloud parts: thesis, for unity, grammar support, and inconsisten organization. cies, typos, and word choice. ©McGraw-Hill Education