Lecture 5 Humanistic Perspective (1).pptx

HUMANISTIC PERSPECTIVE  LOOKING AT THE WHOLE PERSON CARL ROGERS Free will Self-efficacy Self-actualization Focus on the positive side of human behavior  View is that humans are not helplessly controlled by unconscious or environmental forces – they have free will, goa...

HUMANISTIC PERSPECTIVE  LOOKING AT THE WHOLE PERSON CARL ROGERS Free will Self-efficacy Self-actualization Focus on the positive side of human behavior  View is that humans are not helplessly controlled by unconscious or environmental forces – they have free will, goals, aspirations and other positive motive which should be studied Influenced by Carl Rogers (1902-1987) He argued that: people are innately good Intrinsic desires to reach our potential Need for positive regard Therapist provides unconditional positive regard that’s is feeling like a worthwhile, good, loveable person  SELF-CONCEPT The image we have of ourselves- the perceptions of our behavior, our abilities and our characteristics. It is greatly influenced by other people we are surrounded by  QUESTION When, (as adults or as children) is our self- concept more stable/formed?  ANSWER When we are young Going through the process of self discovery Identity formation When we are older Self-perception is much more detailed and organized We have a better idea of who we are  SELF-CONCEPT: 1. SELF- IMAGE How we see ourselves It does not always coincide with reality Inflated self-image (better than they really are) Negative self-image (only see weaknesses)  SELF-CONCEPT: 2 SELF-ESTEEM How much we value ourselves Compare ourselves to others How others respond to us If the response is positive- develop positive self-image If the response is negative- develop negative self- image  SELF-CONCEPT: 3 IDEAL SELF How we wish we could be The way we see ourselves and how we would like to see ourselves do not match up  CONGRUENCE & INCONGRUENCE The degree to which our self-concept matches up to reality  UNCONDITIONAL POSITIVE REGARD Showing complete support and acceptance of a person no matter what that person says or does Example?  CONDITIONAL POSITIVE REGARD We are only accepted and loved if we perform/behave as expected  FULLY FUNCTIONING PERSON (SELF-ACTUALISED) A person who is in touch with their deepest innermost feelings and desires A person who understands their emotions A person who is capable of expressing their feelings A person who does not place conditions of worth on himself/herself A person who has achieved their full potential …is still working on becoming self-actualised  ABRAHAM MASLOW Abraham Maslow Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs He states that people aim to meet basic needs first, they seek to meet successively higher needs in the form of a hierarchy He argued that human nature is not nearly bad as it has been thought to be. It is as if Freud supplied us with the sick half of psychology and we must now fill it out with the healthy half Self Actualization: process of fully developing personal potential Tendency to grow in ways that enhance and maintain the self.  MASLOW’S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS Often represented as a pyramid with 5 levels of needs.  1. PHYSIOLOGICAL NEEDS Most basic, strongest needs, if not satisfied, override all other needs. Includes need for water air, food, sex  2. SECURITY NEEDS: Once physiological needs have been satisfied sufficiently, security needs experienced, relate to a number of specific needs Includes need for stability (predictable routine), order, protection, freedom from fear and anxiety, employment  3. NEED FOR LOVE Once the first 2 needs are satisfied, people experience the need for love and acceptance Needs general characterized by striving to establish and maintain loving relationships with other people also involve both giving and receiving of love Need for acceptance characterized by striving to achieve membership and identification with specific group  4. NEED FOR ESTEEM AND APPRECIATION.Involves people needing to feel sense of self- respect and sense of own value, as well as need to feel respected and appreciated by others  5. SELF-ACTUALIZATION Once deficiency needs have been partially satisfied, individual starts experiencing growth need Involves active expression of need for self-actualization Becoming everything that one is capable of becoming’ Direction in which person grows depends to large extent on his or her potential, talents and abilities Self actualization is unique to each individual Intrinsically rather than extrinsically motivated