Lecture 4 - Structure of a Speech PDF

Structure of a Speech LECTURE 4  Understanding speech context Understand & Define Your Lecture Purpose Objectives Understand the Speech Making Process Types of Introductions Functions of Introductions...

Structure of a Speech LECTURE 4  Understanding speech context Understand & Define Your Lecture Purpose Objectives Understand the Speech Making Process Types of Introductions Functions of Introductions Types of Conclusions Functions of Conclusions Understanding speech context The Audience The Setting The audience ⚫ Indoor or Outdoor ⚫ Size and Shape of Room ⚫ Arrangement of Seating The setting ⚫ Equipment Available ⚫ Lighting ⚫ Acoustics  Understand & Define Your Purpose ⚫ Inform ⚫ Persuade ⚫ Entertain ⚫ Introduce ⚫ Accept ⚫ Motivate ⚫ Etc.. Understand the Speech Making Process ⚫ Choosing/Narrowing a Topic ⚫ Researching Topic ⚫ Organizing Your Speech  ⚫ Is It Important to You? Choosing an ⚫ Is It Important to Your Audience? Appropriate topic ⚫ Will It Hold Audience’s Attention? ⚫ Is It Manageable in the Time Available? ⚫ Is It Appropriate for Oral Presentation? ⚫ Is It Clear? Generate Main Idea ⚫ Does It Have Logical Divisions? ⚫ Are There Reasons Why It Is True? ⚫ Can You Support It?  ⚫ Sources of Supporting Material Books Newspapers Government Documents Google, etc. ⚫ Types of Supporting Material Researching Topic and Common Knowledge Direct Observation Finding Supporting Examples & Illustrations Material Explanations & Descriptions Documents ⚫ Tests of Supporting Material Is Information Specific? Is Source an Expert? Is Source Unbiased? Is Information Timely? Etc.. Types of Outlines Organizational Patterns Chronological Order - A chronological pattern of organization arranges information according to a progression of time, , details support the main idea as a list of events told in the order that they happened. Chronological order is often useful for speeches that present a history of something. Topical Order - A topical pattern arranges information according to different sub-topics within a larger topic, or the "types" of things that fall within a larger category. Using this pattern, each "type" represents a main section of information. Spatial Order - the text describes physical location or position in space. It discusses a subject according to a specific pattern such as top to bottom, near to far, room to room, inside to outside. Organizational Patterns Cont… Cause and Effect - Describes or discusses an event/action that is caused by another event/action. There may be a single cause and effect or several causes with several effects. Problem and solution - The text presents a significant problem and explains it in detail. Then, a possible solution is suggested. Sometimes, only the problem is presented because there is no solution. Compare and Contrast - Organized to emphasize the similarities and/or differences between two or more items or topics. The Introduction The introduction establishes the first crucial contact between the speaker and the audience. It tells them who you are, why you are giving this speech, what is your thesis and previews your main points. Parts of the Introduction: Attention Getter – a tool used at the very beginning of a speech; with the intention of engaging one’s audience. Thesis Statement – a one or two sentence summarization of your paper’s main point or main idea/message. It is generally written near the end of the introduction. Your speech’s thesis statement will be addressed and defended in the body paragraphs and the conclusion. Preview Sentence – an oral outline of the basic organizational pattern of the speech. Types of Introductions Identification with Audience Reference to Situation Statement of Purpose Statement of Importance of Topic Surprise Audience with Claim or Statistic Functions of Introductions ⚫ Get Attention ⚫ Introduce Topic ⚫ Provide Motivation ⚫ Establish Credibility ⚫ Preview Speech Entirely made up of your main points, this is where you elaborate on idea 1, idea 2 and idea 3. This majority of your speech should be spent presenting the supporting The Body material for your thesis in a simple ad organized way.  This emphasizes key ideas of the speech and leaves the The Conclusion audience with greater interest in the topic. What key parts of your speech do you want your audience to walk away remembering? The purpose of the conclusion is the summarize main points and prepare the audience for the end of your speech.  Conclusions TYPES OF CONCLUSIONS FUNCTIONS OF CONCLUSIONS ⚫ Summary ⚫ Summarize Speech ⚫ Quotation ⚫ Reemphasize Main Idea ⚫ Personal Reference ⚫ Motivate Response ⚫ Challenge to Audience ⚫ Provide Closure ⚫ Offer Vision of the Future Transitional Devices  A transition is a phrase or sentence that indicates that a speaker is moving on from one point to another main point in a speech. Internal Preview – is a phrase or sentence that gives an audience an idea of what is to come within a section of a speech. In an internal preview the speaker highlights what he or she is going to discuss within a specific main point during a speech. Internal Summaries – is delivered to remind an audience of what they just heard within the speech. Best used when the information within a specific main point of a speech was complicated. Signposts – a guide a speaker gives his/her audience to help the audience keep up with the content of a speech. We use these short phrases at the beginning of a piece of information to help our audience members keep up with what we’re discussing.