Translation Types And Categories Lecture

TRANSLATION TYPES AND CATEGORIES *  Category 1: (By The Approach \ Method )  Category 2 : (By The Medium)  Category 3 :( By The Translator )  Category 4 : (By The Text Type) Based on Elewa’s Levels of Translation (2020) Unit One: pp. 14-54 Translation Division Can Be Based On Three Categories (P...

TRANSLATION TYPES AND CATEGORIES *  Category 1: (By The Approach \ Method )  Category 2 : (By The Medium)  Category 3 :( By The Translator )  Category 4 : (By The Text Type) Based on Elewa’s Levels of Translation (2020) Unit One: pp. 14-54 Translation Division Can Be Based On Three Categories (P.14) Categories of Translation By the medium Written Oral Consecuti ve By the translator AudioVi sual Simultane ous Whispered Human By the translation approach By the type of text MT CAT General Special ized Medical Literary Legal Political Intralin gual Interlin gual Intersemioti c Econo mic Political Technic al CATEGORY 1: BY THE MEDIUM Written Translation Oral Translation Audiovisual Sight Subtitling Consecutive Voice-over Simultaneous Surtitling Whispered Video game translation CATEGORY 11: BY THE MEDIUM  1. Written Translation:  It is the translation of a written material form a source language to a target language in writing.  This is where the translator reads a given text in the source language, then, reproduces it, in writing, into the target language, such as books, articles… etc. CATEGORY II: BY THE MEDIUM 2. Oral interpretation: o It is the translation of a spoken text from a source language to a target language orally. o The interpreter listens to a given discourse by a certain speaker in the source language, and then reproduces it orally in the target language. o This type is usually common in conferences, speeches, and meetings. o It has two types:  simultaneous  consecutive. CATEGORY II: BY THE MEDIUM 2. ORAL INTERPRETATION: Sight Translation: It is a kind of oral translation of a written text where translators have to scan the text and present an oral translation while reading. Consecutive Translation: It is an oral interpretation where interpreters wait until a full sentence of paragraph has been spoken and then start interpreting. So, we have only one speaker at a time. CATEGORY II: BY THE MEDIUM 2. ORAL INTERPRETATION: Simultaneous Translation : It is an oral interpretation where both speakers and their interpreters speak at the same time but the interpreter’s voice is only heard through headsets. Whispered interpreting: It is a form of interpreting, also called "chuchotage", where an interpreter sits next to the person who does not understand the language of an event and starts interpreting to him/her what is being said in the event silently. EXERCISE 1: WATCH THE CLIP, THEN DECIDE WHICH TYPE OF ORAL INTERPRETATION IS BEING USED  Is the interpreter performing:  Sight translation,  Simultaneous interpretation,  Consecutive interpretation, or  Whispered interpretation? Play the video to watch and example.  3. Audiovisual Translation (AVT)  It is sometimes referred to as Multimedia translation or screen translation, is a specialized branch of translation which deals with the transfer of multimodal and multimedial texts into another language and/or culture. It implies the use of a multimedia electronic system in the translation or in the transmission process. Audiovisual Translation CATEGORY II: BY THE MEDIUM Subtitling dubbing Voice-over Surtitling Video game translation CATEGORY II: BY THE MEDIUM 3. AUDIOVISUAL TRANSLATION (AVT)  Subtitling: It can be defined as providing synchronized translation for video or screen dialogues. CATEGORY II: BY THE MEDIUM 3. AUDIOVISUAL TRANSLATION (AVT)  Dubbing: it is also called lip-synchrony, "the foreign dialogue is adjusted to the mouth movements of the actor in the film" (Dries 1995: 9). Play the video to watch and example. CATEGORY II: BY THE MEDIUM 3. AUDIOVISUAL TRANSLATION (AVT)  Voice-over: It involves dubbing but it keeps the original soundtrack operating simultaneously. In other words, the original soundtrack can be heard but in a lower sound than the translated version. Play the video to watch and example. CATEGORY II: BY THE MEDIUM 3. AUDIOVISUAL TRANSLATION (AVT)  Surtitling: It refers to subtitling a live performance on the stage or the backs of seats at opera houses or theatres. CATEGORY II: BY THE MEDIUM 3. AUDIOVISUAL TRANSLATION (AVT)  Video game translation: It is a mixture of subtitling and software localization, where subtitling and dubbing are used for the adaptation of games content to other languages and cultures. EXERCISE 2:  In which type of audiovisual translation can you still hear the speaker speaking in the background while the interpreter is heard clearly? ❑ Subtitling ❑ Dubbing ❑ Voice-over ❑ Surtitling ❑ Video game translation CATEGORY 3: BY THE TRANSLATOR Human Translation Machine Translation (MT) ComputerAssisted Translation (CAT) CATEGORY 3: BY THE TRANSLATOR 1-Human Translation The translation is done by the translator alone. CATEGORY 3: BY THE TRANSLATOR 2-Machine Translation (MT) It aims at assembling all the information required for translation in one program to have no human intervention afterwards. CATEGORY 3: BY THE TRANSLATOR 2-MACHINE TRANSLATION (MT)  At its basic level, MT performs simple substitution of words in one language for words in another. Although a lot of programs on MT have been introduced to the market but they can only be applicable to certain situations; MT has never been and cannot be perfect.  This type is usually common in scientific translation where the meaning is direct.  For example, the Canadian weather station uses MT due to limited vocabulary and structure of the forecast.  The need of MT is popular due to the following factors:  Fast result  Somewhat accurate  Users are satisfied with a general idea of the text and low accuracy 36- 35.‫ ص‬1999 ،‫ إربد‬،‫ دار الهالل للترجمة‬،‫ عبد هللا الشناق ومحمد فرغل‬،‫ دليل عملي‬،‫الترجمة بين اإلنكليزية والعربية‬ CATEGORY 3: BY THE TRANSLATOR 3-Computer-assisted Translation (CAT) The translator does the job from the beginning to end with the help of some tools that make the process of translation more quickly. EXERCISE 3:  Decide which of the following translations was done by MT?  Discuss your reasoning.  ST: ٌ ‫تشعر ّأنك مطحو‬ ْ َ ‫ ّكلما‬،‫البكاء‬ ْ ْ َ ‫ناولك أحده ْم‬ ُ ُ ّ ‫تشعر‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ رّبما‬ ‫في‬ ،‫ركن منس ٍي من هذا الكون‬ ‫غبة في‬ ‫نظير‬.‫عملك‬ ِ ‫بالر‬ ٍ  TT1: Perhaps you feel that you are crushed in a forgotten corner of this universe, you feel the urge to cry, whenever someone gives you for your work.  TT2:You might feel that you have been crushed and forgotten in the far corner of the galaxy; your tears well-up, every time you get paid pennies for your hard work. EXERCISE ANSWER  What is wrong with MT? CATEGORY 4: BY THE TYPE OF TEXT Literary  There are many types of translation depending on text genre (see picture).  Such genres could manifest specific styles and structures that should be considered in translation. Technical General By the type of text Scientific Specialized Medical Legal political End of lecture ANSWERS:  Exercise (2) : slide 15  Exercise (1) : slide 8  Is the interpreter performing:  Sight translation,  In which type of audiovisual translation can you still Click to add text hear the speaker speaking in the background while the interpreter is heard clearly?  Simultaneous interpretation, ❑ Subtitling  Consecutive interpretation, or ❑ Dubbing  Whispered interpretation? ❑ Voice-over ❑ Surtitling ❑ Video game translation ANSWERS:  Exercise (3) : slide 21  TT2:  You might feel that you have been crushed and forgotten in the far corner of the galaxy; your tears well-up, every time you get paid pennies for your hard work. Discussion:  Punctuation is properly placed.  Delivers the meaning in natural language.  TT(1) has a word missing (payment)  Uses expressions that is native to TL:  “the far corner of the galaxy”  “tears well-up”  "paid pennies"