Social and Emotional Development in Adolescence PDF

Human Development and the Family Chapter 14 Social and Emotional Development in Adolescence Department of Child Development Chapter Outline Self-Esteem and Development of Identity Parents Peers Juvenile Delinquency,...

Human Development and the Family Chapter 14 Social and Emotional Development in Adolescence Department of Child Development Chapter Outline Self-Esteem and Development of Identity Parents Peers Juvenile Delinquency, Depression, Suicide Peers  Friendships Most teens prefer a smaller number of peer contacts and more intimacy Friends become increasingly important in meeting social needs during adolescence Teens with superficial or no friendships tend to be lonely and have lower self-esteem  Peer Pressure Young adolescents conform more to peer standards than children do  Cliques and Crowds Cliques Crowds Small groups (2-12, Larger than cliques average 5-6) Less personal Same sex and age Based on reputation Based on friendship May not spend or similar activities much time together Usually appear in early adolescence  Juvenile Delinquency  Juvenile Delinquency Adolescents who breaks the law or Juvenile engage in behavior that is Delinquent considered illegal Ranging from littering to murder Petty stealing, disorderly conduct Acts that are illegal only for minors  Sex Differences in Delinquent Behavior Boys more likely to engage in delinquent behaviors Boys commit more crimes of violence Girls commit more status offenses Risk Factors for Delinquent Behavior Child Characteristics Identity Community Why? Problem Influences Family Experiences  Causes of Delinquency Identity problems: delinquency is an attempt to establish an identity, although a negative one Child Characteristics: difficult temperament, poor school performance, peer rejection, delinquent friends Family experiences: low in warmth, high in conflict, inconsistent discipline, low monitoring, divorce Community influences: community crime rate, poverty 11  Depression Adulthood>adolescence>childhood Gender differences: Adolescent girls have higher rates of depression than adolescent boys Why?  Gender Differences in Depression 1) Females tend to ruminate in their depressed mood and amplify it 2) Females’ self-images, especially their body images, are more negative than males’ 3) Females face more discrimination than males do 4) Puberty occurs earlier for girls, as a result, girls experience a piling up of changes earlier → increase depression  Risk Factors for Depression Family factors – A depressed parent – Emotionally unavailable parents – High marital conflict or divorce – Financial problems Peer factors – No close friend – Peer rejection  Suicide Rare in childhood but escalates in early adolescence How many adolescents commit suicide? Females more likely to attempt suicide than males Males more likely to commit suicide  Risk Factors for Suicide Suicide and psychological problems runs in families Long standing history of family instability Depression and hopelessness Impulsiveness, emotional instability Some suicidal teenagers are high achieving, perfectionists who have set impossibly high expectations for themselves Adolescent suicide attempts more common after stressful life event