Fundamentals of Computer Science Lecture PDF

DR SAMAR HESHAM LECTURE # 2 1 Computer Hardware: Computer Networks Allow multiple computers LAN - Local area network to connect to share WAN - Wide area resources and/or data network Int...

DR SAMAR HESHAM LECTURE # 2 1 Computer Hardware: Computer Networks Allow multiple computers LAN - Local area network to connect to share WAN - Wide area resources and/or data network Internetworking: Internet Connected Networks Requires additional modem hardware network interface 2 Computer Hardware Local Area Network (LAN) 3 Computer Hardware Wide Area Network (WAN) with satellite communications 4  Computer Hardware Internet ▪The Internet is the global system of interconnected computer networks that uses the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to communicate between networks and devices. ▪It is a network of networks that consists of private, public, academic, business, and government networks of local to global scope, linked by a broad array of electronic, wireless, and optical networking technologies. ▪The Internet carries a vast range of information resources and services, such as the applications of the World Wide Web (WWW), electronic mail, telephony, and file sharing. 5 Computer Hardware : Connectivity & Networking Connectivity is the capability of a computer to share information with other computers. Networking Communications system connecting two or more devices Largest network is the Internet Emerging technologies Cloud computing Computers on the Internet. Also, it allow access to more resources Wireless technology Changing the way we communicate..e.g., Tablets, smartphones, wearable devices 6  Computer Software There are two major kinds of software: system software and application software. ▪ System Software ◦ Programs to manage and control computer resources ▪ Application Software ◦ Programs users use 7 Computer Software System Software ▪Enables application software to interact with the computer hardware. ▪Background software helps the computer manage its own internal resources. System software is not a single program, rather, it is a collection of programs, including the following: Operating Systems Utilities programs Device Drivers 8 Computer Software Operating Systems (OS) Coordinates computer resources Functions of Operating Provides the user interface System Runs applications 1-Embedded operating system Used by Smartphones and tablets OS Types 2-Real-time operating systems (RTOS) 3-Standalone operating system used by desktops Networking operating systems Used to run networks 9  Computer Software Utilities ❑ Perform specific tasks related to managing computer resources. ❑ Antivirus software: It is used to protect a computer from the virus and other online threats. ❑File management tool: The software is used to manage files stored in a file system. ❑Compression tool: These tool are used to reduce the size of a file based on the selected algorithm. ❑Disk management tool: These tool are used to manage the disk space, partitions, and format of a disk. ❑Disk cleanup tool: These tool are used to delete the temporary and unnecessary files from a disk. 10 Computer Software Application software: End-user Software General-Purpose applications Widely used programs Browsers Word Processor Specialized applications More narrowly focused Two of the best known are graphics and web authoring programs. 11  Types of Computer Supercomputers Most powerful computers used for large and complex mathematical computations and large data storage e.g. They are used to analyze and predict worldwide weather patterns Mainframe computers Process large amounts of data and serve max number of users Mainframe computers are capable of great processing speeds and data storage 12 Types of Computer Midrange Personal computers computers (Servers) (PCs) Are computers with processing capabilities less Are the least powerful, yet powerful than a mainframe the most widely used and computer yet more fastest-growing type of powerful than a personal computer. computer. 13  Types of Computer There are five types of personal computers Desktop Smartphones Laptop (Notebook) Wearables Tablet 14 Personal Computer System Parts A Personal Computer System consists of the following: ◦ System unit: is the case that holds the computer’s main circuit boards, microprocessor, memory, power supply, and storage devices. ◦ Display device: consists of two parts: ◦ Circuitry, called a graphics card, converts raw digital data into images that can be shown on a display device. ◦ GPU (graphical processing unit): is a specific unit within graphics card that perform the actual image and graphics processing. ◦ Display devices, called computer screens or monitors, present visual output, such as documents, photos, and videos. ◦ Keyboard: as the primary input device. ◦ Mouse: is an input device designed to manipulate on-screen graphical objects and controls. – 15 Personal Computer System Parts (cont.) Hard disk drive is the main storage device on a personal computer system that mounted inside the computer’s system unit. Optical drives: is a storage device that works with CDs, DVDs “digital versatile disc” or “digital videodisk”, or some combination of these storage media. Sound card and speakers: can output digital music, digitally recorded speech, and a variety of sound effects. ◦ Sound card sends signals to speakers, which can be external devices or built into the system unit. Peripheral devices: A specified equipment that might be added to a computer system to enhance its functionality ex. Printer, Digital camera, Scanner, Joystick and Graphics tablet. 16 Data versus Information ▪Data mean known facts that can be recorded and that have implicit meaning. ▪Data and information are often used interchangeably; however, data are raw, unprocessed facts including text, numbers, images, and sounds. The result of processing data is Information. ▪There are 3 types of data Structured data – Relational databases Semi-structured data – Documents, Email messages, … etc. Unstructured data – HTML pages, … etc. ▪Digital data is stored electronically in files, common types of files are: Document Worksheet Database Presentation 17 Data Document Files ▪Created by word processors to save documents such as reports, memos, term papers, and letters. Worksheet Files ▪Created by electronic spreadsheets to analyze things like budgets and to predict sales 18 Data Database Files ▪Typically created by database management programs to contain highly structured and organized data. Presentation Files ▪Created by presentation graphics programs to prepare presentation materials. 19 Careers in IT Develops and maintains websites and Webmaster web resources Analyzes users’ needs and creates Software Engineer application software Provides technical support to Computer Support Specialist customers and other users Repairs and install computer Computer Technician components and systems Prepares instruction manuals, Technical Writer technical reports, and other scientific or technical documents Creates and maintains computer Network Administrator networks Designs, creates and maintains Database Administrator databases 20