Educating Learners With Disabilities PDF

Educating Learners with Disabilities Dr. Nahla Shehabelden Copyright © 2023 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com. Learning outcome 1 2 3 4 5 Define t...

Educating Learners with Disabilities Dr. Nahla Shehabelden Copyright © 2023 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC an Ascend Learning Company. www.jblearning.com. Learning outcome 1 2 3 4 5 Define the Determine Differentiate Identify the Apply the general learning disability different models between types of treatment options tips of teaching a of learning learning disability person with a disability learning disability Outline Definition of learning disability Models of disability Common learning disability Causes of learning disability Symptoms of learning disability Treatment options Suggested tips on teaching a person with a learning disability  Definition “Learning Disabilities” refer to several disorders which may affect the acquisition, organization, retention, understanding, or use of verbal or nonverbal information. Models of disability Medically focused models: View disabilities as problems requiring intervention with the goal to cure Require expertise of healthcare professionals Socially focused models View a disability as a different way of being rather than as a problem Embrace ( accept) disability as a normal part of life Models of disability Morally focused models View disability as the result of a person’s bad decisions or acts of a displeased God  Activity Zone: Model of disability 02 03 01 Embrace disability View disabilities as View disability as as a normal part of problems requiring the result of a life intervention person’s bad acts Activity Zone: Model of disability Social Medical Moral Embrace View View disability as disabilities disability as a normal part as problems the result of of life requiring a person’s intervention bad acts Common learning disorders 1.Dyslexia is a language processing disorder that impacts reading, writing and comprehension. Common learning disorders 2. Dysgraphia Those with dysgraphia have trouble converting their thoughts into writing or drawing. Poor handwriting is a hallmark of dysgraphia Sufferers struggle to translate their thoughts into writing, whether in spelling, grammar, vocabulary, critical thinking, or memory. Individuals with dysgraphia may exhibit difficulty with letter spacing, poor motor planning and spatial awareness, and trouble thinking and writing simultaneously.  The differences between Dyslexia& Dysgraphia  Common learning disorders 3. Dyscalculia encompasses learning disabilities related to mathematical calculations. Individuals with dyscalculia struggle with math concepts, numbers, and reasoning. Sometimes individuals might have difficulty reading clocks to tell time, counting money, identifying patterns, remembering math facts, and solving mental math. Common learning disorders 4. Auditory processing disorder In auditory processing disorder (APD), patients have difficulty processing sounds. Individuals with APD may confuse the order of sounds or be unable to filter different sounds, like a teacher’s voice versus background noise. In APD, the brain misinterprets the information received and processed from the ear. brain struggles to process auditory information correctly, Difficulty understanding speech in noisy environments, following directions, distinguishing between similar sounds, and maintaining attention  Common learning disorders 5. Language processing disorder Inability to find the right words to express one's thoughts, such as when a word is “on the tip of your tongue”. According to the Learning Disabilities Association of America, in language processing disorder, “there is difficulty attaching meaning to sound groups that form words, sentences, and stories.”  Common learning disorders A variety of speech and language disorders can affect kids. A few examples are: Stuttering — trouble saying words or sentences in a way that flows smoothly. Articulation errors — difficulty forming certain words or sounds. Childhood apraxia — trouble accurately moving the lips, jaw and tongue to speak.  Common learning disorders 6. Nonverbal learning disabilities While it may sound like nonverbal learning disabilities (NVLD) relate to an individual’s inability to speak, it refers to difficulties in decoding nonverbal behaviors or social cues. NVLD sufferers struggle with understanding body language, facial expressions and tone of voice, or the nonverbal aspects of communication. Common learning disorders 7. Visual perceptual/ visual motor deficit Individuals with visual perceptual/visual motor deficit exhibit poor hand-eye coordination, often lose their places when reading, and have difficulty with pencils, crayons, glue, scissors, and other fine motor activities. They may also confuse similar looking letters, have trouble navigating their surroundings, or demonstrate unusual eye activity when reading or completing assignments.  Activity Zone: Learning disorders Description Types Difficulty attaching meaning to sound groups that form words, A) Auditory processing disorder sentences, and stories Exhibit poor hand-eye coordination B) Non verbal learning disability Difficulty reading clocks to tell time, counting money, identifying C) Language processing disorder patterns, remembering math facts, and solving mental math. Sufferers Poor handwriting ,struggle to translate their thoughts into D) Visual motor deficit writing, whether in spelling, grammar and vocabulary Sufferers struggle with understanding body language, facial expressions E) Dyslexia and tone of voice Is a language processing disorder that impacts reading, writing and F) Dysgraphia comprehension. Unable to filter different sounds, like a teacher’s voice versus G) Dyscalculia background noise  Activity Zone: Learning disorders Description Types Difficulty attaching meaning to sound groups that form words, sentences, and stories A) Auditory processing disorder C Exhibit poor hand-eye coordination B) Non verbal learning disability D Difficulty reading clocks to tell time, counting money, identifying patterns, remembering C) Language processing disorder math facts, and solving mental math. G Sufferers Poor handwriting ,struggle to translate their thoughts into writing, whether in D) Visual motor deficit spelling, grammar and vocabulary F Sufferers struggle with understanding body language, facial expressions and tone of E) Dyslexia voice B Is a language processing disorder that impacts reading, writing and comprehension. F) Dysgraphia E Unable to filter different sounds, like a teacher’s voice versus background noise G) Dyscalculia A  Causes learning disorders Things that might play roles in learning disorders include: Family history and genes. Having a blood relative, such as a parent, with a learning disorder raises the risk of a child having a disorder. Risks before birth and shortly after. Learning disorders have been linked with poor growth in the uterus and exposure to alcohol or drugs before being born. Learning disorders also have been tied to being born too early and having a very low weight at birth.  Causes learning disorders Emotional trauma. This could involve a deeply stressful experience or emotional abuse. If either happens in early childhood, it may affect how the brain develops and raise the risk of learning disorders. Physical trauma. Head injuries or nervous system illnesses might play a role in the development of learning disorders. Poisonous substances. Exposure to high levels of toxins, such as lead, has been linked to a larger risk of learning disorders.  The symptoms of learning disorders At times, all children have trouble learning and using academic skills. But when the symptoms last for at least six months and don't get better with help from adults, a child might have a learning disorder.  The symptoms of learning disorders The symptoms of a learning disorder in a child can include: 1. Not being able to master skills in reading, spelling, writing or math at or near the expected age and grade levels. 2. *Trouble understanding and following instructions. 3. *Problems remembering what someone just said. 4. Lacking coordination while walking, playing sports or doing things that use small muscles, such as holding a pencil. 5. *Easily losing homework, schoolbooks or other items. 6. *Trouble completing homework and assignments on time. 7. Acting out or having defiant, angry or large emotional reactions at school.  The symptoms of learning disorders Learner who have learning disorders, Psychological disorders also can have: ✔ Anxiety about their grades. ✔ Depression. ✔ Low self-esteem. ✔ Tiredness. ✔ Less motivation. Seeking help for learning disorders Early treatment is key, because the problem can grow. Learner who have a series of exams done by a team of professionals, including a: ✔Psychologist. ✔Special education teacher. ✔Occupational therapist. ✔Social worker or nurse. ✔Speech and language specialist.  Treatment options If the student has a learning disorder, school might suggest: Extra help. A reading specialist, math tutor or other trained professional can teach the students the ways to do schoolwork, study and get organized. Individualized education program (IEP). This written plan sets learning goals and describes the special-education services the student’s needs. Public schools develop IEPs for students whose challenges meet the school system's guidelines for a learning disorder.  Treatment options Changes in the classroom. These are also known as accommodations. For instance, some students with learning disorders get more time to complete work or tests. They may be asked to do fewer math problems in assignments. And they may get seated near their teachers to boost attention. Some students are allowed to use gadgets. These could include calculators to help solve math problems and programs that turn text into speech you can hear. The school also might be willing to provide audiobooks to listen to while reading along with a written copy.  Treatment options Therapy. Different types of therapy may help. Occupational therapy might improve writing problems. A speech-language therapist can help with language skills. Medicine. The student’s health care provider might suggest medicine to treat depression or anxiety. Medicines for ADHD may help a student’s ability to focus in school. Complementary and alternative treatments. Include diet changes, use of vitamins, eye exercises and a treatment that works with brain waves called neuro feedback.  A- In the classroom or laboratory Suggested Avoid making assumptions about a person’s disability or tips on capabilities; many persons with teaching a disabilities talk about being frustrated with people assuming person with what they can or cannot do. a learning Remember that although persons disability with disabilities might have specific needs, every individual is different.  Suggested tips on teaching a person with a learning disability B- Prior to the start of the course Choose course materials early. This will allow enough time for the teacher to convert the documents into alternative formats, and for students to request the formats they need. Choose accessible electronic versions of course readings. This will enable students to convert the reading into the format required, whether they use a screen reader, an enlarger or another technology. Provide course notes, copies of overhead slides, Power Point presentations and other materials.  Suggested tips on teaching a person with a learning disability C- When the course begins Encourage students to tell you about any problem or concerns. Indicate that such conversations are confidential and are strictly for facilitating any learning needs or accommodations that may be in place. Diversify assignments or allow for exceptions to enable all students to demonstrate their specific talents (for example, oral presentations, poster presentations and written assignments). Insist on professional, civil behavior between and among students to respect people’s differences and create an inclusive environment. Consider providing the classes with information about the accessible features of their environment (for example, automatic doors and accessible washrooms). Provide an organized, well-written and complete syllabus including required readings, assignments, due dates and defined expectations as early as possible.  Suggested tips on teaching a person with a learning disability D- While in the session Put the lecture in context. Give students the “big picture” of where it fits. Consider beginning each class with a review of earlier material. Summarize important points at the end of class, by using a PowerPoint slide, board or overhead projector. Provide both verbal and written instructions with reminders of impending due dates for assignments or exams. Be patient – sometimes communicating with someone with a disability can take a bit longer, requiring to repeat comments several times.  Suggested tips on teaching a person with a learning disability Promote interaction and collaboration among students. Help them form study groups either formally or informally. Allow scheduled breaks during lectures, tests and exams. Allow for the use of adaptive technology. Provide personal feedback on academic performance.  Suggested tips on teaching a person with a learning disability E- During the Tests, exams, and evaluation Offer alternatives to traditional course work and methods of evaluation (such as an oral exam or presentation instead of a written exam, or an essay instead of multiple-choice and short-answer questions). Allow extra time on tests and/or exams. Provide a separate, distraction-free room for writing tests and/or exams.  Activity Zone: Suggested tips on teaching a person with a learning disability Think, Pair and Share 1) What are the most important Complementary and alternative treatments for learner with disabilities? 2) What are the suggested tips should follow in the classroom or laboratory? 3) What are the suggested tips should follow prior to the start of the course? 4) What are the suggested tips should follow When the course begins? 5) What are the suggested tips should follow While in the session? 6) What are the suggested tips should follow during the Tests, exams, and evaluation?  Activity Zone: Answer Think, Pair and Share What are the most important Complementary and alternative treatments for learner with disabilities? Diet changes, use of vitamins, eye exercises What are the suggested tips should follow in the classroom or laboratory? Avoid making assumptions about a person’s disability or capabilities What are the suggested tips should follow prior to the start of the course? ✔ Choose course materials early ✔ Choose accessible electronic versions of course readings ✔ Provide course notes, copies of overhead slides, Power Point  Activity Zone: Answer What are the suggested tips should follow When the course begins? ✔ Encourage students to tell you about any problem or concerns ✔ Diversify assignments ✔ Insist on professional, civil behavior between and among students to respect people’s differences ✔ Consider providing the classes with information about the accessible features ✔ Provide an organized, well-written and complete syllabus  Activity Zone: Answer What are the suggested tips should follow While in the session? ✔ Put the lecture in context ✔ Summarize important points at the end of class ✔ Provide both verbal and written instructions ✔ Be patient ✔ Promote interaction and collaboration among students ✔ Allow scheduled breaks during lectures, tests and exams ✔ use of adaptive technology. ✔ Provide personal feedback  Activity Zone: Answer What are the suggested tips should follow during the Tests, exams, and evaluation? ✔ Offer alternatives to traditional course work and methods of evaluation ✔ Allow extra time on tests and/or exams ✔ Provide a separate, distraction-free room 40