Phyl 3518 Growth and Development Lecture 1 PDF

Phyl 3518 Growth and Development Human Motor Development - This class working definition - “the study of changes in human movement across the lifespan and the processes that affect those changes” (Clark & Whitall, 1989) - Key points - Study of changes - Wh...

Phyl 3518 Growth and Development Human Motor Development - This class working definition - “the study of changes in human movement across the lifespan and the processes that affect those changes” (Clark & Whitall, 1989) - Key points - Study of changes - What I when I why do changes occur - Across the lifespan Why study motor development of reasons) was Change Lots - Human development is multifaceted derstand - As movement changes, so do the intellectual, social and emotional domains Tounormal - Understanding the process of motor development allows us to diagnose cases of abnormal development and provide intervention and remediation - Developmentally appropriate activities can be selected for optimal teaching and learning 5 major goals of the developmentalist 1. Describe the characteristics of change 2. Establish when change occurs 3. Describe what causes change 4. Determine whether change can be predicted 5. Find out whether change is individual or universal Domains Payne and Isaacs (textbook) and this class Blooms domains - Benjamin Bloom (1956) - Physical A - Physical and bodily change I - Physical - biological or biosocial - Cognitive - - Affective (socioemotional or 2 - Cognitive - psychosocial) 3 - Psychosocial - Motor - - Development of human movement and factors that affect it psuchomotor ↳ Higher brain  3 Domains 1. Physical 2. Cognitive 4. Psychosocial self perception /identity · Physical Growth · Think process info emotional develop · · motor Skills · Intelligence · · Nutrition I Diet relationships problem solving · Sensory Stim (5) · personality Language · · culture Health issues · right/wrong · · sleep /Awake Cycle morals · Brain INS Development & can't see Psychomotor vs motor - Psychomotor - Higher than brain ~ stem - Motor - ↳ Higher flower brain stem ↳ includes both  * Direct Change Elements of Developmental Change 1. Qualitative - How you do something matters (QualityChanges with matuntu) 2. Sequential - order of motor patters (site Crawlswalke run) 3. Cumulative - What You learn at one stage will help you in another (one-Add) 4. Directional - progress (t) regress or tinguru Illness Aging , , 5. Multifactorial - Factors internal/external affect development 6. Individual - Evem person is unique (progress at their own pace) Assumptions about Development -Add + Add - Human development is a continual and cumulative process regress is continuous - - continuity/discontinuity -working ? No ? - Stages and phases - All domains are interrelated - - Wide range of individual differences - Environmental context plays a major role - There are critical and sensitive periods Has to happen - - Aided by positive stimulation, thwarted by deprivation #Stairs # - ~ There is neuroplasticity that allows for learning state that allows brain z learn - Motor development is a “dynamic process” - Regression is inevitable…aging naturally can be slowed down to improve the quality of life ↑ D Growth, Maturation and Development - Development - refers to the progressions and regressions that occur throughout the lifespan - Growth is structural : : Quantitative (Physically measure (Height , , weight) - Maturation Functional : : organs +issures - Growth and maturation and interrelated - As the body grows, functions improve : mature - As we age, growth slows, but maturation continues throughout the lifespan Growth- maturation - Important Terms 1 - 1. Developmental directions - directions that growth and movement maturation proceed - 2 a. Cephalocaudal - Head to toe (How development works b. Proximodistal - Trunk to fingers ! - 3 2 ↓ 3 4 ↓ - 4 Important terms 2. Differentiation - progress gross immature movement > precise well controlled intentional - movements 3. Integration - motor sustems get progressively better at Working together 4. Gross movement -Gross movement to position (legs) [ - Controlled bu large muscles + muscle groups (walk) 5. Fine movement controlled bu fine muscles - Fine movement to do task (balancegroups (writing + muscle - No movements are total gross or fine - even writing - you need gross motor to put the arms in the correct position for the hand to do the fine movement Important terms 6. Process approach How you did the task - 7. Product approach What is the outcome - Important terms 8. Age periods (stages) - Specific terms applied to the various chronological ranges throughout the lifespan - Accepted age periods are helpful in discussions about development Age Periods (Stages) : Loose ranges 1. Prenatal - conception to birth a. Embryonic - O-8 weeks b. Fetal - Sweeks-Birth c. Very important period for development 2. Infancy - birth to 1 year a. Neonatal - Odan-22 days b. Toddlerhood - 22 days independant walking - 3. Childhood : Play a. Early - 74 = b. Middle - 7 9 - c. Late - 9 12 - of development 4. Adolescence : puberty : Landmark stage : Lots a. Girls - It b. Boys - 13 5. Adulthood : maximum height a. Early - G 20 B 22 : : b. Middle - 40yr-60yr c. Late - 60yr-Death : Decline Physical health Stages of Development Stages - Interchangeable with phase, time, levels and periods - Provides manageable portions of behaviour - Controversy over whether the stages of development actually exist - Does life proceed smoothly and continuously? - Is life discontinuous with abrupt behavioural changes Models of Development Is like climbing a mountain - it takes years and is a sequential and cumulative process strongly affected by personal skills, traits, and often has ups and downs 1. Reflexive - infancy period (3T- Neonatal) Involuntary > : 2. Preadaptive - Is " year of life (involuntar voluntary) 3. Fundamental - 1- >yr(Fine motor Skills) 4. Context-specific -7-11 (Specialization) 5. Skillful - (High level of Skill (Chosen practice) 6. Compensation - (Negative influence) (Decline Injury · in motor Development) · illness Age · Motor development vs motor learning vs motor control - Interaction among the 3 sub-areas of motor behaviour - Motor development - Age relatedChanges (Happen within lifespan - Motor learning - Permanent Changes as a result of practice + Experience - Motor control - Neural Physical Behaviour aspects , , - Add biomechanics and exercise physiology to these and you have the areas for motor development - These areas help experts discern more accurately the subtle movement changes and differences throughout the lifespan Biomec Exphus - motor development Research in Motor Development Why? - To be aware of what others can and cannot do - To understand what is normal and abnormal - To improve health and motor performance - To gain knowledge, which better enables us to understand ourselves - Goal of explaining change - Indentifying processes - perception - action, brain - body Tutorial Due Sunday !