Human Motor Development Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of the study of human motor development, according to the provided definition?

  • The evaluation of cognitive and psychosocial development as it relates to physical movement.
  • The investigation of motor skill acquisition in childhood and adolescence.
  • The study of physical growth and maturation across the lifespan.
  • The analysis of changes in human movement and the factors influencing those changes across the lifespan. (correct)

According to the material, why is it important to study motor development?

  • To solely understand the biological processes associated with physical growth.
  • To facilitate social interactions through increased physical activities.
  • To categorize different types of movement disorders and determine their genetic origins.
  • To diagnose and treat abnormal development, as well as to appropriately teach movement skills. (correct)

What is one of the five major goals of a developmentalist regarding human development?

  • To determine whether change is individual or universal. (correct)
  • To manipulate genetic factors influencing physical development.
  • To solely focus on psychological changes in individuals.
  • To measure the rate of physical growth in different populations.

Which of the following is NOT considered a primary domain in the study of human development according to Payne and Isaacs, and the class material?

<p>Nutritional (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the provided information, what is the 'affective' domain also referred to as?

<p>Socioemotional or psychosocial (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In addition to the physical and cognitive domains, what other domains are listed as areas of focus in human development?

<p>Motor and psychosocial (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of the 'motor' domain in the context of human development?

<p>The development of human movement and related factors. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the nature of changes under study in motor development?

<p>Changes that occur across the lifespan (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes the increasing ability of motor systems to work together?

<p>Integration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the process approach primarily focus on?

<p>How a task was performed (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which developmental stage includes the period from conception to birth?

<p>Prenatal (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of 'fine movement'?

<p>Movements controlled by smaller muscles or muscle groups. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which sub-stage of the prenatal period does the most significant development occur?

<p>Fetal (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of the Differentiation process?

<p>Movements transition from gross and immature to precise and well-controlled. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What would be classified as 'gross movement'?

<p>Walking across a room. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which age range is typically associated with 'middle childhood'?

<p>7-9 years (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following BEST describes the concept of 'sequential' in the context of developmental change?

<p>The order of motor patterns occurs in a defined progression. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the information provided, which of the following is considered a key aspect of psychosocial development?

<p>Self-perception and identity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following BEST represents a qualitative change in development?

<p>The shift from an inability to think abstractly to thinking abstractly. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'multifactorial' mean in the context of developmental change?

<p>Internal and external factors affect development. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The development of language is MOST closely connected to which category of factors?

<p>Psychosocial development (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the context provided, what is the difference between 'psychomotor' and 'motor' skills?

<p>Motor skills include psychomotor skills, where Psychomotor skills are located higher in the brain stem. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is the BEST example of 'cumulative' developmental change?

<p>A child’s ability to solve algebra problems after learning basic arithmatic. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between 'directional' development and regression, according to the provided text?

<p>Illness and aging can cause a regression in directional development. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the concept of 'neuroplasticity' as it relates to human development?

<p>The brain's capacity to change and adapt, allowing for learning throughout life. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the relationship between growth and maturation?

<p>As the body grows, its functions improve, and maturation continues throughout the lifespan. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best captures the concept of 'development' as described?

<p>Development involves the progressions and regressions that occur throughout the lifespan. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The term 'cephalocaudal' refers to developmental progression in which order?

<p>From head to the extremities. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the content provided, what is a key characteristic of motor development?

<p>Motor development is a 'dynamic process'. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the text suggest about the role of the environment in human development?

<p>Environment context plays a major role in human development. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which period is typically associated with the development of specialized motor skills?

<p>Context-specific period (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of the reflexive period in motor development?

<p>Involuntary movements (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the content mention can be 'slowed down' to improve quality of life?

<p>The normal and natural process of aging. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can 'thwart' a person's development?

<p>Deprivation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of motor learning?

<p>Permanent change due to practice and experience (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the earliest stage of development mentioned in motor development models?

<p>Reflexive (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which period of development is most clearly associated with the decline in physical health?

<p>Late adulthood (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a major contributor to motor development, according to the text?

<p>Interaction of motor control, learning, and development (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do the stages of development provide, in a conceptual sense?

<p>Manageable portions of behaviour (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what stage of motor development do negative influences such as injury and aging start to have a significant impact?

<p>Compensation period (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is human motor development?

The study of changes in human movement throughout life and the factors influencing these changes.

Why is studying human motor development important?

It helps us understand how intellectual, social, and emotional growth are linked to movement changes.

How does motor development help diagnose problems?

By analyzing movement patterns, we can recognize abnormal development and suggest interventions.

How does motor development impact education?

Understanding motor development helps pick appropriate activities for teaching and learning.

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What is the first goal of a developmentalist?

Describing how movement changes over time.

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What is the second goal of a developmentalist?

Figuring out when specific movement changes occur.

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What is the third goal of a developmentalist?

Identifying the factors causing changes in movement.

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What is the fourth goal of a developmentalist?

Predicting whether a movement change is likely to occur.

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Psychosocial Development

Changes in how someone thinks, processes information, develops emotions, understands right and wrong, and forms their personality.

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Physical Growth

The physical changes that happen in the body, including growth in size, strength, and coordination.

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Motor Skills

Skills that involve the use of muscles and movement, such as walking, running, and throwing.

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Intelligence

The ability to learn and solve problems, including how well someone can think, reason, and understand.

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Nutrition & Diet

The food and nutrition someone consumes, which plays a big role in their growth and development.

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Sensory Stimulation

Experiences that stimulate the five senses (sight, sound, touch, smell, taste), which helps with learning and developing.

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Psychomotor Development

Changes in how someone thinks and feels, including developing morals, understanding right and wrong, and forming their personality.

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Brain INS Development

The changes that occur specifically in the brain, affecting its development and abilities.

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Human development

The gradual improvement and decline in abilities and skills throughout life, involving physical, cognitive, social, and emotional changes.

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Continuous and cumulative process

Ongoing and never-ending process with both growth and regression.

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Interrelated domains

Changes happening in different areas of development – physical, cognitive, and social – influence each other and are interconnected.

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Wide range of individual differences

Unique individuals have different starting points, rates, and levels of development, making them progress at their own pace.

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Environmental context

Factors like family, culture, and environment significantly shape a person's development.

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Critical periods

Specific periods where certain skills or abilities must develop for healthy growth, like language development in early childhood.

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Sensitive periods

Optimal times for learning and development, but not completely necessary like playing music during early childhood.

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Neuroplasticity

The brain's ability to change and adapt throughout life, allowing for new learning and skill development.

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Differentiation

The process of refining and improving movement control, from clumsy, wide-ranging motions to precise, purposeful actions.

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Integration

When various motor systems, like legs and arms, work together more effectively and smoothly, enhancing coordination.

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Gross movement

Involving large muscle groups for tasks like walking, standing, and running.

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Fine movement

Using small muscle groups for fine, detailed activities like writing, buttoning clothes.

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Process approach

Focuses on the process and how a motor task is performed, looking at the techniques and strategies.

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Product approach

Focuses on the outcome or product of a motor task, analyzing the result.

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Age periods (stages)

Distinct periods of time within the lifespan with specific characteristics and developmental milestones.

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Embryonic stage

The initial phase of prenatal development from conception to 8 weeks, where major body structures are formed.

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Adolescence

A period defined by physical and mental changes, marked by puberty.

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Adulthood

The stage of life characterized by maximum physical growth and development.

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Human Motor Development

The study of changes in human movement throughout life and the factors influencing these changes.

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Motor development

Changes in movement abilities that occur throughout the lifespan. Typically influenced by age.

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Motor learning

Permanent improvements in movement skills due to practice and experience.

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Motor control

The underlying processes controlling movement, involving the nervous system and muscles.

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Reflexive Motor Stage

A period marked by involuntary movement, typically observed in infants.

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Preadaptive Motor Stage

A stage where motor skills become increasingly voluntary and involve more control.

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Study Notes

Phyl 3518: Growth and Development

  • This course focuses on human motor development, defined as the study of changes in human movement throughout lifespan and the processes influencing those changes.

Human Motor Development - Key Points

  • Examines the study of changes in human movement across the lifespan.
  • Focuses on the processes affecting these changes.
  • Consistently examines when, why, and how changes occur.
  • Addresses human development broadly within multiple contexts: intellectual, social, and emotional.

Why Study Motor Development?

  • Understanding the complexities of human development.
  • Diagnosing cases of abnormal development.
  • Developing appropriate interventions and remediations.
  • Optimizing teaching strategies and learning environments through an understanding of motor development.

5 Major Goals of the Developmentalist

  • Describing the characteristics of change.
  • Determining when change occurs.
  • Examining the causes of change.
  • Assessing whether change can be predicted.
  • Evaluating whether change is individual or universal.

Domains of Development

  • Bloom's domains (Benjamin Bloom, 1956):
    • Physical: biological or biosocial aspects (growth, motor skills, nutrition, sensory, health, sleep, brain development)
    • Cognitive: intellectual processes (thinking, information processing, intelligence, problem solving, language, morals)
    • Psychosocial: social-emotional and personality development (self-perception, emotion, relationships, personality, culture)
    • Psychomotor: development of human movement and affecting factors (higher-level brain stem functions, incorporating gross and fine motor skills)

Psychomotor vs. Motor

  • Psychomotor involves higher-level brain stem functions, encompassing more complex motor activities beyond basic movement.
  • Motor development encompasses basic movement and those processes affecting movement.

Elements of Developmental Change

  • Qualitative: Changes in how a skill is performed (quality).
  • Sequential: Specific order of skills (e.g., sitting, crawling, walking).
  • Cumulative: Building on prior skills (previous learned skills aiding in future development).
  • Directional: Progress or regression in development.
  • Multifactorial: Interactions of internal and external factors influencing development.
  • Individual: Unique progression patterns of each individual.

Assumptions about Development

  • Development is continuous and cumulative. (includes growth and regress).
  • Development involves stages and phases.
  • Domains are interconnected.
  • Individual differences in development are vast.
  • Environment significantly impacts development.
  • Critical periods exist for some developments
  • Neuroplasticity allows for learning and adaptation.
  • Regression is a possibility and can be influenced.

Growth, Maturation, and Development

  • Development encompasses growth, regression, and maturation.
  • Growth is structural, including changes in size (height, weight).
  • Maturation is functional, concerning organ and tissue development.
  • Growth and maturation are interrelated.
  • Growth often slows with age, while maturation continues.

Important Terms (Directions)

  • Cephalocaudal: Growth from head to toe.
  • Proximodistal: Growth from the center of the body outward.

Important Terms (Processes)

  • Differentiation: Refines immature movements into precise, controlled, and intentional ones.
  • Integration: Gradual refinement of the motor systems working together.
  • Gross Movement: Large muscle group coordination (sitting, walking).
  • Fine Movement: Small muscle group coordination (writing, manipulation)
  • No movement is purely gross or fine; rather a mixture.
  • Process Approach: Focuses on how a task is performed.
  • Product Approach: Focuses on the outcome of a task.

Important Terms (Age Periods)

  • Specific chronological ranges that categorize different developmental phases.
  • Helpful for discussions, focusing on specific aspects of development during these periods.

Age Periods (Stages) - Loose ranges

  • Prenatal, Infancy, Toddlerhood, Childhood, Adolescence, and Adulthood are discussed throughout these notes in their respective periods.

Stages of Development

  • Stages are often interchangeable with phases, time, levels, and periods.
  • Stages describe manageable parts of behavior.
  • The existence of stages is debated and some argue for a continuous progression of development.

Models of Development

  • Development is portrayed metaphorically as climbing a mountain, with ongoing progress, setbacks, and peaks.
  • Various models describe the reflexive, pre-adaptive, fundamental, context-specific, skillful, compensation, (and declining and/or injury-influenced) stages.

Motor Development vs. Motor Learning vs. Motor Control

  • Interactions between age-related changes (development), skill enhancement (learning), and neural influences and physical aspects (control).
  • These interactions help experts identify and understand movement changes occurring with and throughout the life span.

Research in Motor Development

  • Research aims to understand normative and abnormal movement performance.
  • Aims to better understand human development and how change occurs.

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Phyl 3518 Growth and Development Lecture 1 PDF

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