Aromatic Water Lecture Notes PDF

Aromatic water  Aromatic water  Aromatic waters are clear, aqueous solutions saturated with volatile oils or other aromatic or volatile substances.  They are saturated solutions usually of volatile oils or similar substances in distilled water.  Aromatic waters are not therape...

Aromatic water  Aromatic water  Aromatic waters are clear, aqueous solutions saturated with volatile oils or other aromatic or volatile substances.  They are saturated solutions usually of volatile oils or similar substances in distilled water.  Aromatic waters are not therapeutically potent because of the very small proportion of the active ingredient present in them. Examples of Aromatic Waters  Aromatic waters were prepared from a number of volatile substances, including  orange oil  flower oil,  Peppermint oil,  rose oil,  anise oil,  spearmint oil,  wintergreen oil,  camphor,  and chloroform.  Aromatic water uses 1. Aromatic Waters are used as Intermediate solutions for manufacturing of other preparations and also used as the liquid phase of emulsions and suspensions. 2. Aromatic water is used as a flavoring agent. Aromatic waters provide a pleasantly flavored medium for administration of water –soluble drugs when taste masking of undesirable taste is not a problem. The odors and tastes of aromatic waters are of the volatile substances from which they are prepared. 3. Aromatic water prepared from essential oils like peppermint and anise waters have some carminative properties.  Topical Aromatic Water Aromatic water Use Rose Water Perfume Hamamelis Water Astringent (Witch Hazel) Camphor Water Rubefacient (dilate skin vessels) Reduce skin itching Eye wash  Preparation of aromatic water  Most of the aromatic substances in the preparation of aromatic waters have very low solubility in water, and even though the water may be saturated, its concentration of aromatic material is still rather small. The official methods of preparation of aromatic water are: 1. Distillation 2. Solution 3. Alternate solution Formulas for concentrates of the aromatic principles containing either alcohol or solubilizing agent have been developed, or are manufactured as concentrated waters. To prepare aromatic water the concentrates are diluted with water before use.  Chloroform water N.F  Prepared by solution method  No clarification is needed because the excess chloroform must remain in the bottle because chloroform is heavier than water  The high volatility of chloroform creates equilibrium of loss and restoration of strength by evaporation  When dispensed the bottle must be shaken vigorously and only the supernatant liquid should be used  Peppermint water  Peppermint oil is a complex mixture of  The hydrocarbons fraction (usually terpenes), alcohols, ethers, aldehydes and ketones  The terpenes are the least water soluble which are mostly removed by filtration (clarification process)  The other substances are the terpeneless oils (aroma carriers) are prepared by fractional distillation and or extraction, are stronger in aroma and more soluble and more stable than the natural essential oil (Terpene oils) , but are of higher expense  Dilution  Concentrated aromatic waters are prepared to obviate the difficulties involved in the clarification of aromatic water  Which are designed to be diluted with an appropriate volume of purified water when needed.  Dilute rose water prepared from strong rose water with an equal volume of water.  Preparation of concentrated aromatic water  An alcoholic solution (50-55% alcohol) of the essential oil is mixed with water and talc, the mixture is agitated; after several hours it is filtered.  The diluted aromatic water is prepared by diluting 2ml of the concentrated aromatic solution to 100ml with water. The resultant contains less than 1.5% of alcohol.  Stability of aromatic waters  Aromatic waters are not very stable preparations.  Improper storage cause instability, Many waters support mold growth  Excessive exposure to light and change in temperature cause aromatic waters to lose characteristics,  Loss of aroma upon exposure to high temperature  Separation of volatile material when the temperature decrease causing cloudiness.  Stability of aromatic waters  Salting out of volatile substance upon addition of water solution of strong electrolytes and may collect on surface of the liquid imparting a burning taste to the first dose.  Loss in flavor may be observed if aromatic waters are used in the external phase of dispersions, owing to adsorption of aromatic substances by suspended matter.  Oxidative degradation involving dissolved atmospheric oxygen with the aroma bearing solutes which may be catalyzed by light and trace metals like iron and copper  Special care  Chloroform water is stored in light resistant bottles, since light catalyzes the oxidation of chloroform to the poisonous gas phosgene.  Almond water deposits crystals of benzoic acid which result from auto oxidation of benzaldehyde.  Waters which are prepared aseptically with recently boiled purified water and were filtered through bacterial retentive filters into sterilized resistant glass containers, remain stable for a year. Thank You