Aromatic Waters: Principle of Pharmacy Lab PDF

Aromatic water principle of pharmacy lab presented by ph.Rawaa Fathel Abbas  Definition The British Pharmacopoeia (BP): defines aromatic waters as clear , saturated aqueous solutions of volatile oils or other aromatic volatile or volatile substance. For flavoring Or pharmaceutical purp...

Aromatic water principle of pharmacy lab presented by ph.Rawaa Fathel Abbas  Definition The British Pharmacopoeia (BP): defines aromatic waters as clear , saturated aqueous solutions of volatile oils or other aromatic volatile or volatile substance. For flavoring Or pharmaceutical purpose Or as vehicle Description : 1. An odor and test similar to the substances from which they are prepared. 2. They should always be colorless , clear and free from fibers , particles and sediment. 3. They should not be used after being stored for more than a few weeks. 4. They should be free from foreign odor. 5. Aromatic water have low therapeutic effect.  Example of Aromatic water 1. Aromatic waters prepared from essential oils e.g. peppermint water, have been used as carminative and as vehicle. 2. Chloroform water : was used in expectorant preparations (dose 5-15ml) 3. several aromatic water are not used as vehicles for oral medication. These include : ❖ Rose water used as perfume. ❖ Hamamelis water or witch Hazel ,is employed commonly as a rub and also is used as an astringent and perfume in aftershave lotion and other cosmetic product. ❖Camphor water :is frequently used in eye drops for its refreshing properties. Other uses of camphor : soothing cough and eye. Peppermint oil and waters Rose water  Camphor water and ointment Hamamelis waters  Hamamelis water preparations Hamamelis water 12.5% v/v and naphazoline 0.01% w/v Temporary relief of eye redness due to minor eye irritations. Types of Aromatic water 1. Simple aromatic water ▪ Purified water as solvent ▪ NO alcohol ▪ Mainly as vehicle ▪ E.g : Chloroform water 2. Concentrated aromatic wate ▪ Alcohol as solvent for volatile component. ▪ Water is added to dilute and make aromatic water ▪ Used as vehicle as well for therapeutic uses ▪ E.g: camphor water water BP ,Conc.Anise  Distillation Method Method of Dilution preparation method Simple method Preparation of aromatic waters 1. Distillation method : most of aromatic water can be prepared by distillation. However ,it is not practical or economically feasible to use this method in most cases , since other method is of low cost and with simple apparatus required. NOT: Aromatic water which are prepared directly from fresh plant material ,e.g. stronger rose water , orange flower water and Hamamelis water can not prepared by any method other than distillation. The method consists of placing the odoriferous portion of the plant in a suitable still with sufficient purified water and then distilling most of the water , carefully. The excess oil is separated from the distillate. The aqueous phase ,which may require further clarification is the product. Preparation of aromatic waters Preparation of aromatic waters 2.Dilution method 1 part concentration aromatic water + 39 parts distilled water +1.5% alcohol 90% NOT: ❖ Concentrated aromatic water? ,volatile oil is poor soluble in water but its freely soluble in alcohol 90% and can use talc to increase solubility. ❖Why add 39 parts of distilled water? , 39 part of distilled water make saturated aromatic substances ion water. ❖Why used 1.5% alcohol 90%? ,to help of mixing concentration aromatic water with distilled water.  R1 Peppermint concentrated water Peppermint oil 20ml Alcohol 90% 600ml Distilled water Q.S. to 1000ml Mitt 20 ml Uses: used to prepare peppermint aromatic water Calculation Factor = 20/1000 = 1/50 Peppermint oil = 20ml X 1/50 = 0.4 ml Alcohol 90% =600 ml X 1/50 = 12 ml Distilled water = 1000 ml X 1/50 = 20 ml 2/3 of vehicle = (20-12.4) X (2/3) =5 ml Procedure : Measure 0.4 ml of peppermint oil and dissolve in 12 ml of alcohol , then Gradually add 2/3 quantity of vehicle (5 ml ) with well stirring , then add 1 gm of talc powder with continuous mixing for 15 min , finally , filtration And complete the volume with remainder of distilled water. 2. Simple dissolve method : 1 part of oil + 500 parts of distilled water →12hr → filtration Volatile oil is poor soluble in water but is freely soluble in alcohol 90% and can used talc to ↑ solubility. R2 : Camphor water Camphor crystals 1gm Alcohol 90% 2ml Distilled water Q.S to 1000ml Mitt 100 ml Calculation : Factor =100/1000 = 1/10 Camphor crystals = 1gm X 1/10 = 0.1 gm Alcohol 90% = 2ml X 1/ 10 =0.2ml Distilled water Q.S to =1000 ml X 1/10 =100 ml Note : talc powder →its insoluble substance used because it function as filter aid ( it adsorbs the excess amount of oil that cause that turbidity and as distributing agent Procedure : Grind camphor crystal by using mortar ,then weigh the required quantity of camphor and solve in to measured volume of alcohol 90% with stirring , Then add distilled water to complete the final volume with very good mixing. Uses : Camphor water used as : a. Vehicle b. Flavor c. Carminative d. Mild expectorant R3 Chloroform water Chloroform liquid 2.5 ml Distilled water Q.S to 1000 ml Mitt. 100 ml Uses : Chloroform water used as : a. vehicle b. flavor c. preservative Calculation : Factor =100 /1000 = 1/ 10 Chloroform liquid = 2.5 ml X 1/10 = 0.25 ml Distilled water Q.S to = 1000 ml X 1/10 = 100 ml Procedure : Measure chloroform liquid by measured cylinder then add drop by drop to beaker contain measured volume of water with agitation and stirring until addition all quantity of water.  Storage : ❖ in light – resistant bottles , i.e. Amber coloured since light causes chloroform to be oxidized to the poisonous gas “phosgene ” as follows Important notes : The labels on dispensed medicine Color of label : Should : a. Name of prescription. white whitelabel, label, for internal use. for internal b. Manufacture date and Expire date. use. Red label , for external use. Red label , for external use. c. Give the patient clear and complete instruction on how to take or use preparation d. Indicate storage conditions e. patient ’s name f. pharmacy name and address