Tools of Genetic Engineering 2024 PDF

Tools of Genetic Engineering Genetic engineering is a powerful field that relies on specialized tools and techniques to manipulate DNA. This presentation will explore the key tools used in genetic engineering, including restriction enzymes, DNA ligase, polymerases, plasmids, vectors,...

Tools of Genetic Engineering Genetic engineering is a powerful field that relies on specialized tools and techniques to manipulate DNA. This presentation will explore the key tools used in genetic engineering, including restriction enzymes, DNA ligase, polymerases, plasmids, vectors, and more. by Ahmed Mansour Alzohairy ‫ جامعة الزقازيق‬- ‫ أحمد منصور الزهيرى مدير ومؤسس المركز المصرى للمعلوماتية الحيوية والجينومية‬/‫د‬.‫ا‬  Restriction Enzymes 1 Molecular Scissors 2 Precision Targeting Restriction enzymes are Different enzymes target proteins that can recognize different DNA sequences, and cut DNA at specific allowing for precise genetic sequences. manipulation. 3 Sticky Ends The cuts made by restriction enzymes leave "sticky ends" that can be ligated to other DNA fragments. by Ahmed Mansour Alzohairy ‫ جامعة الزقازيق‬- ‫ أحمد منصور الزهيرى مدير ومؤسس المركز المصرى للمعلوماتية الحيوية والجينومية‬/‫د‬.‫ا‬  DNA Ligase DNA Bonding Precision Joining DNA ligase is an enzyme that Ligase specifically connects can join the sticky ends of DNA the phosphodiester bonds fragments, creating between adjacent nucleotides, recombinant DNA. forming a stable DNA molecule. Essential for Cloning DNA ligase is a critical tool in genetic engineering, enabling the construction of recombinant plasmids. by Ahmed Mansour Alzohairy ‫ جامعة الزقازيق‬- ‫ أحمد منصور الزهيرى مدير ومؤسس المركز المصرى للمعلوماتية الحيوية والجينومية‬/‫د‬.‫ا‬  DNA Polymerases Replication Proofreading Amplification DNA polymerases are enzymes that Some polymerases have exonuclease Polymerases are essential for can synthesize new DNA strands activity, allowing them to proofread techniques like PCR, which complementary to a template. and correct errors during replication. exponentially amplify specific DNA sequences. by Ahmed Mansour Alzohairy ‫ جامعة الزقازيق‬- ‫ أحمد منصور الزهيرى مدير ومؤسس المركز المصرى للمعلوماتية الحيوية والجينومية‬/‫د‬.‫ا‬  Plasmids and Vectors 1 Plasmids Small, circular DNA molecules found naturally in bacteria and other microorganisms. 2 Vectors Engineered plasmids that can carry foreign DNA and transfer it into a host cell. 3 Cloning Vectors are used to clone and amplify DNA sequences of interest in host cells. by Ahmed Mansour Alzohairy ‫ جامعة الزقازيق‬- ‫ أحمد منصور الزهيرى مدير ومؤسس المركز المصرى للمعلوماتية الحيوية والجينومية‬/‫د‬.‫ا‬  Promoters in Cloning DNA Sequences Promoters are DNA sequences that initiate transcription of a gene by RNA polymerase. Controlled Expression Cloning vectors often include promoters to drive the expression of inserted genes. Regulation Promoters can be constitutive or inducible, allowing for precise control of gene expression. by Ahmed Mansour Alzohairy ‫ جامعة الزقازيق‬- ‫ أحمد منصور الزهيرى مدير ومؤسس المركز المصرى للمعلوماتية الحيوية والجينومية‬/‫د‬.‫ا‬  Gel Electrophoresis Separation DNA fragments are separated based on their size as they migrate through an agarose gel matrix. Visualization DNA bands are stained and visualized under UV light, allowing researchers to analyze DNA samples. Applications Gel electrophoresis is used to purify, identify, and quantify DNA for various genetic engineering techniques. by Ahmed Mansour Alzohairy ‫ جامعة الزقازيق‬- ‫ أحمد منصور الزهيرى مدير ومؤسس المركز المصرى للمعلوماتية الحيوية والجينومية‬/‫د‬.‫ا‬  Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) DNA Amplification Thermal Cycling PCR is a powerful technique The process involves repeated that can exponentially amplify cycles of heating and cooling specific DNA sequences from to denature, anneal, and small amounts of starting extend DNA strands. material. Wide Applications PCR is used in diagnostics, forensics, research, and many other areas of genetic engineering and biotechnology. by Ahmed Mansour Alzohairy ‫ جامعة الزقازيق‬- ‫ أحمد منصور الزهيرى مدير ومؤسس المركز المصرى للمعلوماتية الحيوية والجينومية‬/‫د‬.‫ا‬  Applications of Genetic Engineering Tools Biotechnology Medicine Agriculture Genetic engineering tools are used to These tools enable gene therapies, Genetic engineering is used to create develop genetically modified personalized medicine, and the crops with improved traits like disease organisms, produce recombinant development of new diagnostic tests resistance, enhanced nutrition, or proteins, and more. and treatments. higher yields. by Ahmed Mansour Alzohairy ‫ جامعة الزقازيق‬- ‫ أحمد منصور الزهيرى مدير ومؤسس المركز المصرى للمعلوماتية الحيوية والجينومية‬/‫د‬.‫ا‬  Ethical Considerations 1 Responsible Use 2 Regulation and Oversight As genetic engineering becomes more powerful, Governments and scientific it's crucial to consider the communities are working to ethical implications and develop guidelines and potential risks. regulations for the responsible use of these tools. 3 Public Awareness Educating the public about the benefits and risks of genetic engineering is important for informed decision-making. by Ahmed Mansour Alzohairy ‫ جامعة الزقازيق‬- ‫ أحمد منصور الزهيرى مدير ومؤسس المركز المصرى للمعلوماتية الحيوية والجينومية‬/‫د‬.‫ا‬ ‫ا‪.‬د‪ /‬أحمد منصور الزهيرى مدير ومؤسس المركز المصرى للمعلوماتية الحيوية والجينومية ‪ -‬جامعة الزقازيق ‪by Ahmed Mansour Alzohairy‬‬ ‫ا‪.‬د‪ /‬أحمد منصور الزهيرى مدير ومؤسس المركز المصرى للمعلوماتية الحيوية والجينومية ‪ -‬جامعة الزقازيق ‪by Ahmed Mansour Alzohairy‬‬ ‫‪by Ahmed Mansour Alzohairy‬‬ ‫ا‪.‬د‪ /‬أحمد منصور الزهيرى مدير ومؤسس المركز المصرى للمعلوماتية الحيوية والجينومية ‪ -‬جامعة الزقازيق‬  ‫‪Department of Genetics, Zagazig University, Zagazig,‬‬ ‫‪Egypt‬‬ ‫‪by Ahmed Mansour Alzohairy‬‬ ‫ا‪.‬د‪ /‬أحمد منصور الزهيرى مدير ومؤسس المركز المصرى للمعلوماتية الحيوية والجينومية ‪ -‬جامعة الزقازيق‬