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Questions and Answers
What condition is identified by a loss of appetite?
What condition is identified by a loss of appetite?
Which medical procedure involves placing liquid nourishment directly into the stomach?
Which medical procedure involves placing liquid nourishment directly into the stomach?
What drug class is used to suppress appetite in treating obesity?
What drug class is used to suppress appetite in treating obesity?
What is the medical term for the backward flow of stomach acid into the esophagus?
What is the medical term for the backward flow of stomach acid into the esophagus?
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Which condition is characterized by frequent, watery defecation?
Which condition is characterized by frequent, watery defecation?
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What is another name for the digestive system?
What is another name for the digestive system?
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Which of the following organs is NOT part of the digestive system?
Which of the following organs is NOT part of the digestive system?
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What term refers to the food pipe that connects the throat to the stomach?
What term refers to the food pipe that connects the throat to the stomach?
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Which structure is part of the accessory organs in the digestive system?
Which structure is part of the accessory organs in the digestive system?
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What does the suffix '-lithiasis' refer to in medical terminology?
What does the suffix '-lithiasis' refer to in medical terminology?
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Which combining form refers to the stomach?
Which combining form refers to the stomach?
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Which of the following is part of the small intestine?
Which of the following is part of the small intestine?
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What does the term 'oral' pertain to?
What does the term 'oral' pertain to?
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What does the term 'cholecystalgia' refer to?
What does the term 'cholecystalgia' refer to?
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What condition does 'pancreatitis' describe?
What condition does 'pancreatitis' describe?
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Which term describes surgical removal of the appendix?
Which term describes surgical removal of the appendix?
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What does 'hepatoma' refer to in medical terminology?
What does 'hepatoma' refer to in medical terminology?
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What does 'dysphagia' indicate?
What does 'dysphagia' indicate?
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Which of the following conditions is characterized by vomiting blood?
Which of the following conditions is characterized by vomiting blood?
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What does the prefix 'an-' in 'anorexia' signify?
What does the prefix 'an-' in 'anorexia' signify?
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What is the medical term for a new opening into the colon?
What is the medical term for a new opening into the colon?
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What is the meaning of the term 'hypoglossal'?
What is the meaning of the term 'hypoglossal'?
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What does 'palatoplasty' refer to?
What does 'palatoplasty' refer to?
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What condition does 'sialadenitis' indicate?
What condition does 'sialadenitis' indicate?
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What does 'pharyngoplasty' mean?
What does 'pharyngoplasty' mean?
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What is indicated by the term 'gastralgia'?
What is indicated by the term 'gastralgia'?
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What does 'gastrectomy' refer to?
What does 'gastrectomy' refer to?
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What is an 'ileostomy'?
What is an 'ileostomy'?
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What does 'cholecystectomy' refer to?
What does 'cholecystectomy' refer to?
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Study Notes
Digestive System Overview
- Digestive system also called gastrointestinal (GI) system or gut
- Alimentary canal is another term for digestive system
- Includes organs and accessory organs
Organs of Digestive System
- Oral cavity (mouth)
- Pharynx
- Esophagus
- Stomach
- Small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum)
- Large intestine (colon, including rectum and anus)
- Accessory organs: Salivary glands, Pancreas, Liver, and Gallbladder
Oral Cavity (Mouth)
- Palate
- Uvula
- Cheeks
- Lips
- Tongue
- Taste buds
- Saliva
- Mucous membrane
- Teeth
- Gums
Stomach
- Esophagus
- Cardiac/Lower esophageal sphincter
- Pyloric sphincter
- Antrum
- Fundus
- Body
- Rugae (folds)
Small and Large Intestine
- Duodenum
- Ascending colon
- Small intestine (jejunum and ileum)
- Cecum
- Appendix
- Rectum
- Transverse colon
- Descending colon
- Sigmoid colon
- Pyloric sphincter
Liver and Pancreas
- Liver
- Hepatic duct
- Pyloric sphincter
- Pancreas
- Pancreatic duct
- Cystic duct
- Common bile duct
- Gallbladder
Digestive System Combining Forms
| Combining Form | Meaning |
|---|---|
| or/o | Mouth |
| labi/o | Lip |
| dent/o | Tooth |
| gingiv/o | Gums |
| lingu/o | Tongue |
| gloss/o | Tongue |
| palat/o | Palate |
| bucc/o | Cheek |
| sialaden/o | Salivary gland |
| pharyng/o | Throat, Pharynx |
| esophag/o | Esophagus |
| lapar/o | Abdomen |
| gastr/o | Stomach |
| pylor/o | Pylorus |
| enter/o | Small intestine |
| duoden/o | Duodenum |
| jejun/o | Jejunum |
| ile/o | Ileum |
| cholecyst/o | Gallbladder |
| choledoch/o | Common bile duct |
| cec/o | Cecum |
| append/o | Appendix |
Digestive System Combining Forms (cont.)
| Combining Form | Meaning |
|---|---|
| chol/e | Bile, Gall |
| cholangi/o | Bile duct |
| rect/o | Rectum |
| an/o | Anus |
| proct/o | Anus and Rectum |
| bar/o | Weight |
| lith/o | Stone |
| col/o | Colon |
| colon/o | Colon |
| sigmoid/o | Sigmoid colon |
| hepat/o | Liver |
| pancreat/o | Pancreas |
Digestive System Suffixes
| Suffix | Meaning |
|---|---|
| -lithiasis | Stone |
| -emesis | Vomiting |
| -orexia | Appetite |
| -pepsia | Digestion |
| -phagia | Eat, Swallow |
| -prandial | Pertaining to a meal |
| -tripsy | Surgical crushing |
| -ectasis | Dilation |
| -malacia | Softening |
| -ptosis | Drooping |
Word Building Examples (or/o, dent/o, gingiv/o)
| Combining Form | Word | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| or/o | Oral | Pertaining to mouth |
| dent/o | Dental | Pertaining to teeth |
| gingiv/o | Gingival | Pertaining to gums |
Medical Procedures
- Gavage: Placing liquid nourishment directly into the stomach
- Lavage: Washing out the stomach
- Nasogastric intubation (NG tube): Flexible catheter inserted into the nose and down esophagus into the stomach
Digestive System Pharmacology
| Drug Type | Function |
|---|---|
| Anorexiant | Suppresses appetite |
| Antiacid | Neutralizes stomach acid |
| Antidiarrheal | Used to control diarrhea |
| Antiemetic | Treats nausea and vomiting |
| Emetic | Induces vomiting |
| Laxative | Stimulates a bowel movement |
Digestive System Pathology
| Condition | Description |
|---|---|
| Aphthous ulcers | Ulcers in the mouth |
| GERD | Acid from stomach flows backward up into esophagus |
| Gastric carcinoma | Malignant tumor in the stomach |
| PUD | Ulcer in the lower portion of esophagus, stomach, and/or duodenum |
| Hemorrhoids | Varicose veins in the anal region |
| Cirrhosis | Chronic liver disease due to liver failure |
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Description
Explore the key components of the digestive system, also known as the gastrointestinal (GI) system. This quiz covers the various organs involved, from the oral cavity to the intestines and accessory organs like the liver and pancreas. Test your knowledge on the structure and function of these crucial systems!
