Pharmacognosy 2 Lecture 1 PDF

Pharmacognosy 2 Dr. Reem Sharaby 01116178465 Dr Ahmed Lecture 1  What is the fruit?  Fruit is an ovary and its accessory parts that have developed and matured.  Usually contains seeds.  All fruits develop from flower ovaries and accordingly are f...

Pharmacognosy 2 Dr. Reem Sharaby 01116178465 Dr Ahmed Lecture 1  What is the fruit?  Fruit is an ovary and its accessory parts that have developed and matured.  Usually contains seeds.  All fruits develop from flower ovaries and accordingly are found exclusively in flowering plants.  Its function is to protect, nourish and insure the distribution of the seed.  The fruit wall, or pericarp, is divided into three regions: the inner layer, or endocarp; the middle layer, or mesocarp; and the outer layer, or exocarp (epicarp) DR REEM SHARABY Horus University 01116178465 DR REEM SHARABY Horus University 01116178465 DR REEM SHARABY Horus University 01116178465  1- Simple Fruits A- Succulent fruits  Fruit is generally moist and often edible.  Drupe: A simple fleshy fruit with a single seed enclosed by a hard, stony endocarp. Sometimes these are called stone fruits.  Berry: Asimple fleshy fruit that has usually many seeds.  Pepo:Aberry with hard, thick rind e.g., Watermelon.  Hesperidium: Aberry with a leathery rind.  Pome:Aninferior syncarpous ovary surrounded by the receptacle e.g.,Apples. DR REEM SHARABY Horus University 01116178465   DR REEM SHARABY Horus University 01116178465 DR REEM SHARABY Horus University 01116178465  B- Dry fruits C- A- Dry dehiscent: In which the pericarp is opened to liberate seeds. i- Follicle  Single carpel.  Split along one side (ventral suture). ii- Legume or Pod  Single carpel.  Split along two sides (ventral and dorsal sutures). iii- Silique and silicula  The silique and dorsal sutures). is an elongated fruit composed of two carpels separated by a seed-bearing partition.  The silicula is very similar except it is much shorter siliques and silicles have parietal placentation. They are the characteristic fruits of the mustard family (Brassicaceae) DR REEM SHARABY Horus University 01116178465 DR REEM SHARABY Horus University 01116178465