Learning Skills and Modern Ways of Learning PDF

Learning Skills and Modern ways of learning Lecture (4) LS120 — Fall 2023 Dr. Halima Daw Buni Assistance Professor in Community Medicine Learning objectives A. In this lecture, you will increase your knowledge of: 1. Why you are studying; 2. Transferable skills of learning; 3. Intelligence and diffe...

Learning Skills and Modern ways of learning Lecture (4) LS120 — Fall 2023 Dr. Halima Daw Buni Assistance Professor in Community Medicine Learning objectives A. In this lecture, you will increase your knowledge of: 1. Why you are studying; 2. Transferable skills of learning; 3. Intelligence and different ways of how people learn; B. You will also practice the ability to: 1. Identify skills you need for study, work and life; 2. Assess your own ways of learning; People have different reasons for studying. Thinking about the reasons why you are studying helps you focus on your goals. If you keep your goals for the future in mind, you will find it easier to focus on the study you are doing now. Learning is a lifelong process. You never stop learning. You will learn new skills throughout your life, in study, in work and in everyday living. It is important to recognize the many opportunities that you have to learn. This means taking charge of your own learning, thinking critically, asking questions, reading and finding out things for yourself (active learning). Learning skills are “transferable skills that you can use for study, work and in your personal life”. i.e., “They are skills you can use for lifelong learning, not just for the course of study you are doing now”. Communication is an important transferable skill for study, work and life. Communication includes speaking, listening, reading and writing. Many other learning skills are sub-skills of these four basic communication skills. For e.g.: 1. Giving presentations is a sub-skill of speaking. 2. Understanding the main idea in an article is a sub-skill of reading 3. Working with other people is another important transferable skill. We use communication skills when we work with other people. Communication; Working with other people; Time management; Taking notes; Research; Critical thinking; Reading; Writing. Experts do not agree on whether intelligence stays the same, or is something that can be learned. This depends on the different types of situations in which people use their intelligence. Ideas about intelligence also differ between ideas of one type of intelligence and of multiple intelligences. In the 1980s, Howard Gardner developed a theory of ‘multiple intelligences’: states that “intelligence is not a fixed quantity that can be described by a single number such as IQ. Intelligence is actually a set of skills that can be improved with use” Gardner identified 8 distinct types of intelligences: 1. Visual/spatial intelligence: the ability to visualize and think in pictures. Their skills include reading, writing, painting, drawing and designing practical objects. 2. Verbal/linguistic intelligence: the ability to communicate using words. Their skills include listening, speaking, story-telling and teaching. 3. Logical/mathematical intelligence: the ability to calculate and think in a logical step by step manner. Their skills include solving problems, organizing things into categories and understanding relationships between different things. 4. Bodily/kinaesthetic intelligence: the ability to present ideas and solve problems using bodily skills. Their skills include sports, dancing and acting. 5. Musical/rhythmic intelligence: the ability to create and interpret music. Their skills include singing, playing musical instruments and enjoy musical performance. 6. Interpersonal intelligence: the ability to relate well and work effectively with others. Their skills include understanding things from other people’s points of view, good listening and empathy and get involved in community activities. 7. Intrapersonal intelligence: the ability to understand and control one’s own behavior and innermost feelings. Their skills include recognizing their own thinking, self analysis and reflection, and can easily explain their decisions to others. 8. Naturalistic intelligence: the ability to sense patterns in and make connections to the natural world. Their skills include strong sensitivity to nature and are good at categorizing plants and animals, and enjoy spending time in the outdoor. What are your dominant intelligences? Most people tend to be stronger in some of the intelligences than in others. ( you can do a Google search for “multiple intelligences test”) take the tests to determine your dominant intelligences One of the problems with our educational system is that most subjects are taught using only 2 intelligences: Verbal/linguistic and Logical/mathematical. If your strengths lie in one of the other 6 intelligences, then there is a good chance that you find formal classroom learning to be challenging. The good news however, is that no matter how the material is presented in the class, you get to choose how to explore and play with the subject matter on your own time Intelligence Preferred strategies Linguistic/verbal intelligence: (Related to language and to the written and spoken words) Paraphrase the material (put it in your own words) Create a summary of all the important information Read a loud using different emotional tones Write a newsletter explaining the subject Logical/mathematical intelligence: (Related to reasoning, numbers, abstractions and patterns) List the main points in a logical numbered sequence Create a flow chart or timeline Do experiments, work things out, work with numbers Ask questions and explore patterns and relationships Spatial/visual intelligence: (Related to anything visual and the creation of mental images) Create a learning map Visualise the material in your mind’s eye Make a poster or video summarizing the subject Different strategies for the eight intelligences: Intelligence Preferred strategies Musical intelligence: (Related to sounds and auditory patterns) Write a song summarizing the material Listen to classical music while studying Bodily/kinaesthetic intelligence: (Related to physical movement and actions located in the brain’s motor cortex (where movement is controlled)) Write notes on index cards and sort them in a logical order Make a model Act out what you are learning Interpersonal intelligence: (Related to relationships with others and various means of communication) Discuss what you have learned with someone Find someone who knows more than you do and ask them questions Compare your notes with someone Teach the material to a friend Different strategies for the eight intelligences: Intelligence Preferred strategies Intrapersonal intelligence: (Related to self- reflection and self-awareness) Reflect on why the subject matters to you and how it fits in with what you already know Keep a notebook in which you record your thoughts and reactions to what you are learning Naturalistic intelligence: (Related to observation and awareness of the natural world) It is somewhat limited in its usefulness for exploring the subject Work outdoors, relate classroom ideas and activities to the natural world. Different strategies for the eight intelligences: Regardless of which of the 8 intelligences is your strongest, you will learn more effectively if you involve multiple intelligences Ideally, you would use all 8 intelligences to explore the material you’re learning Although this may not be possible for all subjects, the more intelligences you can use, the better. The most important way to use the information about your learning type/styles and multiple intelligences is to develop your own personal “learning toolkit”, which you draw up on to thoroughly explore and learn any subject. Just remember to always start with the big picture and incorporate different learning techniques and strategies every time you study Keep at it … with the proper “learning toolkit”, you’ll be able to learn anything quickly and efficiently! 1. Accelerated learning skills for students, Joe Mccullough. 2. Learning Skills: Skills for Successful Study, at Home or Abroad, Student's Book. Available at: https://www.moteoo.org/sites/moteoo.org/files/Resource%20English/learning_skills_english_stud ent_for_web_0.pdf 3. Ways of Learning: Learning theories and learning styles in the classroom. Alan Pritchard. 2nd edition. 4. Make it stick, Peter C. Brown, Henry L. Roediger III, Mark A. McDaniel. 5. How we learn, Benedict Carey. 6. Problem based learning in medicine, Tim David, Leena Patel, Leith Burdett, Patangi Rangachari. 1st edition. 7. ‫ سالم علي الغرابية‬,‫مهارات التفكير وأساليب التعلم‬ 8. ‫ هشام سعيد الحالق‬,‫ مهارات تستحق التعلم‬,‫التفكير اإلبداعي‬ 9. ‫ محمد أحمد غزالة‬,‫ أحمد حسن القواسمة‬,‫تنمية مهارات التعلم والتفكير والبحث العلمي‬ Dr. Halima Buni