Language & Its Nature PDF

LANGUAGE & ITS NATURE  Language – as the tool used in communication process. Through this, we are able to express our thoughts, share our feelings, and communicate our views and perspectives about things. Example: KARON refers on the concept of time...

LANGUAGE & ITS NATURE  Language – as the tool used in communication process. Through this, we are able to express our thoughts, share our feelings, and communicate our views and perspectives about things. Example: KARON refers on the concept of time Hiligaynon Cebuano Later Now Therefore it is important that familiarity in language must be associated. Language is dynamic and it evolves through time. 1. Language is a purely human and non- instinctive method of communicating ideas, emotions, and desires by mean of a system of voluntarily produced symbols (Sapir, 1921). 2. Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols by means of which a social group cooperates (Bloch & Trager, 1942). 3. Language is a set of sentences, each finite in length and constructed out of a finite set of elements (Chomsky, 1957). 4. Language is the process whereby humans communicate and interact with each other by means of habitually used oral-auditory arbitrary symbols (Hall, 1969). 5. Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication (Wardaugh, 1972). 6. Language is a symbol system based on purely arbitrary conventions, infinitely extendable and modifiable according to the changing needs and conditions of the speakers (Robins, 1985). Characteristics of Language (Fromkin & Rodman, 2003) 1. Wherever humans exist, language exist. 2. There are no “primitive languages” - all languages are equally complex and equally capable of expressing any idea. The vocabulary of any language can be expanded to include new words for new concepts. 3. All languages change over time. 4. The relationships between the sounds and meanings of spoken languages and between the gestures and meanings of sign languages are for the most part arbitrary. 5. All human languages utilize a finite set of discrete sounds (or gestures) that are combined to form meaningful elements or words, which may be combined to form an infinite set of possible sentences. 6. All grammars contain rules for the formation of words and sentences of a similar kind. 7. Every spoken language includes discrete sound segments, like p, n or a, that can all be defined by a finite set of sound properties or features. Every spoken language has a class of vowels and a class of consonants. 8. Similar grammatical categories (e.g., noun, verb) are found in all languages. 9. Every language has a way of referring to past time, negating, forming questions, issuing commands, and so on. 10. Speakers of all languages are capable of producing and comprehending an infinite set of sentences. 11. Any typically developing child, born anywhere in the world, of any racial, geographical, social, or economic heritage, is capable of learning any language to which he or she is exposed. 12. There are semantic universals such as “male” or “female”, “animate” or “inanimate”, found in every language in the world. 13. Language is primarily oral  LESSON 2 Communication: models, types, purposes, and principles  Communication - is the exchange of ideas, thoughts and information from one source to another. Different Elements of the Communication Process  Sender – Is the source of the message Receiver – is the recipient of the message Message – the body of information Channel – what connects the sender to receiver Feedback – response of the receiver to the sender Interference/Noise- what impacts the communication process Types of Interference a.Physiological Noise b.External noise c. Semantic Language barrier Situation/Context – refers to all the interrelated conditions in the communication process.  Factors Affecting Communication Process 1.Psychological Factors - refers to the communication mood 2. Cultural Factors - refers to values and norms shared by group 3. Physical Factors - refers to place, time and environmental condition 4. Social Factors - refers to the nature of relationship between the communicators 5. Historical Factors - refers to previous communication incidents between communications that may effect the way they deal. Shannon and Warren Weaver Communication Model by: Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver (1949) SMRC Communication Model by: David Berlo (1960) Schramm Communication Model by: Wilbur Schramm (1954) Outlines what type of things (message) By whom (sender), in which form (form) through which medium (channel) and Transactional Communication Model by: Barnuld (1970)