Laboratory Safety Rules PDF

Chemical Laboratory Safety Orientation  Fundamentals of Chemical Laboratory Safety Why worry about chemical safety? Chemicals used everyday in laboratories can be hazardous. Why worry about chemical safety? Accident prevention is a collective responsibility that requires...

Chemical Laboratory Safety Orientation  Fundamentals of Chemical Laboratory Safety Why worry about chemical safety? Chemicals used everyday in laboratories can be hazardous. Why worry about chemical safety? Accident prevention is a collective responsibility that requires the full cooperation of everyone in the lab Why worry about chemical safety? Doing things safely is not merely the right way to work --- it is the ONLY way  PERSONAL PROTECTION Always wear appropriated Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Ø Chemical splash goggles Ø Chemical resistant apron Ø Shoes that adequately cover the whole feet Ø Safety gloves Ø Face mask (NOT surgical mask)  Laboratory Protocol Conduct in the Laboratory Do not engage in any unauthorized activity (e.g. practical jokes, unapproved experiments, running around, unnecessary walking or conversation) in the laboratory. Laboratory Protocol Conduct in the Laboratory The use of personal audio or video equipment is prohibited in the laboratory. Laboratory Protocol Conduct in the Laboratory Do not sit on laboratory working areas or the sinks. Laboratory Protocol General Work Procedure Never work in the laboratory alone or unsupervised  Laboratory Protocol General Work Procedure Be careful when handling hot glassware and apparatus in the laboratory. Hot glassware looks just like cold glassware. Laboratory Protocol General Work Procedure Never pipette by mouth. Always use a pipetted aid or suction bulb Laboratory Protocol General Work Procedure Immediately report any spills, accidents or injuries to your teacher.  Laboratory Protocol General Work Procedure Make sure no flammable solvents are in the surrounding area when igniting a flame. Laboratory Protocol General Work Procedure Turn off all heating apparatus, gas valves, burners and water faucets when not in use.  Laboratory Protocol General Work Procedure Coats, bags and other personal items must be placed in designated areas, not on the top of the working areas or the aisle ways. Laboratory Protocol Housekeeping Never place materials, especially chemical, on the floor, even temporarily Keep workspaces and storage areas clear of broken glassware, leftover chemicals, and unnecessary materials. Never block access to exits or emergency equipment. Inspect all equipment for damage (cracks, defects, etc.) prior to use. Laboratory Protocol Hygiene practices Keep your hands away from your face, eyes, mouth and body while using chemicals. Food and drinks are not allowed inside the laboratory. Wash hands after removing gloves and before leaving the laboratory.  Laboratory Protocol Emergency Procedure Know the location of all the exits and follow the emergency plan.  Laboratory Protocol Emergency Procedure Know the location of and know how to operate the following: ü Fire extinguishers, Fire blankets ü Alarm systems with pull stations ü Eye washes, safety showers ü First aid kits  Laboratory Protocol Chemical Handling Check the label to verify if it is the correct substance before using it.  Laboratory Protocol Chemical Handling Always use a spatula to remove a solid reagent from a container.  Laboratory Protocol Chemical Handling Hold containers away from the body when transferring a chemical or solution from one container to another.  Laboratory Protocol Chemical Handling Weigh out only the amount of chemical that you need. Never return the excess to its original container.  Laboratory Protocol Waste Disposal Never pour chemical waste into the sink drains.  Laboratory Protocol Waste Disposal Place chemical waste in appropriately labeled waste containers.  Laboratory Protocol Waste Disposal Properly dispose of broken glassware and other sharp objects (e.g., syringe needles) immediately in designated containers.  Laboratory Protocol Waste Disposal Paper products that do not contain chemicals can be placed in the waste baskets.  SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS Hazard – The source of danger (chemical, electrical, hot surface, etc.) Risk – The likelihood of occurrence (taking into account the length of exposure to the hazard.) Consequence – Outcome & Impact (due to exposure to the hazard.) Physical Hazards Agent Effect Heat and Fire Thermal Burns Cryogens Frostbite Ultraviolet Exposure Sunburn Explosion Projectile Injury (Chemical Reaction, Cuts/Laceration Compressed Gases) Impact/Bruising Injection Noise Hearing Damage Ergonomic Hazards repetitive motion (pipetting), lifting, work areas (computers, instruments); awkward postures Bio Hazards Blood borne pathogens AIDS, HIV, Hepatitis, clinical chemistry labs Recombinant DNA Genetic engineering, cloning Work with animals Zoonosis, diseases from animals Radiation Hazards Ionizing Radiation alpha , beta , gamma , X-rays, neutrons Radioactive isotopes tritium (H-3), carbon (C-14), sulfur (S-35), phosphorus (P-32/33), iodine (I-135) Fire and Explosion Hazards Flammable solvents Pyrophoric Spontaneous combustion Special Chemical Substances Controlled Substances: regulated drugs, psychotropic (hallucinogenic) substances, heroin Chemical Surety (Warfare) Agents: nerve gas, phosgene, riot control agents Chemical Exposure Physical and Health Hazards Exposure Routes Toxicity Chemical Exposure Physical Hazards Chemical Burns (acids and caustics) Physical Burn (flammable/ combustible) Explosion (chemical reaction or compressed gases) Asphyxiation (lack of oxygen) Chemical Exposure Health Hazards Irritant Allergen/Sensitizer Reproductive/Developmental Toxin Carcinogen Target Organ Effects Chemical Asphyxiant Chemical Exposure Routes of Exposure Pinholes compromise the Fumes from volatile solvents can permeability of the glove be breathed in Working with potentially A cut from contaminated glass contaminated gloves provides direct chemical contact  Chemical Toxicity “All substances are poisons; there is none which is not a poison. The right dose differentiates a poison from a remedy.” -Paracelsus (1493-1541) Acute Chronic Exposure Sudden and severe exposure Prolonged or repeated exposure over Duration of high concentrations into days, months or years. Concentrations the body vary; may be very little Health Highly symptomatic, Typically non-symptomatic in early Risks reversible health effects with stages, irreversible health effects medical treatment Examples Cyanide poisoning Lead poisoning Concentrated vapors Breathing dust Chemical Toxicity depends on Toxicity concentration (dose) frequency duration route of exposure 300 mg aspirin = safe 3000 mg aspirin = toxic Emergency Situations Building Alarm Earthquake Medical Emergency Power Outage Criminal Activity Chemical, Biological or Radioactive Spills or Personal Contamination Emergency Situations What should you do in an emergency? You are expected to “SIN” at a minimum. Safety - ensure your personal safety FIRST! Isolation - alert co-workers to clear out and away from the emergency scene Notification - call the appropriate emergency numbers Fire Safety The best way to fight a fire is to prevent it. In case of fire, Fire Safety Using a Fire Extinguisher Intended only for small fires Notify co-workers of any fire situation Pull fire alarm (if appropriate) Use PASS Method ○ Pull pin, Aim, Squeeze, Sweep Fire Safety Fire Safety If a classmate catches on fire: Smother flames by grabbing a blanket or rug Wrap them in it.. Fire Safety When NOT to fight a fire It is bigger than a waste paper bin One extinguisher is not enough The fire is spreading beyond the spot where it started Smoke is affecting your breathing You can't fight the fire with your back to an escape exit The fire can block your only escape You don't have adequate fire-fighting equipment DON'T FIGHT THE FIRE YOURSELF CALL FOR HELP Fire Safety Remember When… - The extinguisher runs out of agent - Your path of escape is threatened - The extinguisher proves to be ineffective - You are no longer be able to safely fight the fire …LEAVE THE AREA IMMEDIATELY  How do you avoid accidents in the lab? Point the end of a test tube away from you or your partners. Do not look directly into a test tube, always observe contents from the side of the test tube. Tie back any lose hair that could come in contact with materials.  How do you avoid accidents in the lab? Never taste a substance you are working with. If you are asked to smell a substance fan your hand by the substance to direct the smell towards your nose. Never directly smell a substance. Knowing how to handle an accident is as important as knowing how to avoid one. Chemicals on Skins, Clothing and Eyes Any chemical spill on a person should be washed off immediately and thoroughly using the safety shower. Launder contaminated clothes separately from other clothing or discard, as recommended in the MSDS. Any chemical contacting one’s eyes should be immediately and thoroughly rinsed out using the safety eyewash. Chemicals on Skins, Clothing and Eyes Chemical burns: Wash affected body parts with cold water for 10 minutes; Exceptions: HF, Na, K, Phosphorous Do not attempt to neutralize!!!! Organic burns: use hand soap to emulsify organic substance, wash w/ water  Spill Cleanup Clean up all spills promptly, efficiently and properly. Absorb excess, surround area with absorbent material. Wear appropriate PPE. Use forceps, etc., to pickup broken glassware, etc. Work from outer edge toward center to cleanup. Do not dry sweep.  Spill Cleanup Clean spill area with soap & water, specific solvent or neutralizing material (if known). Collect contaminated absorbent, gloves, residues in plastic bag(s). Label, with chemical name if possible, and dispose of waste properly.  Material Safety Data Terminology Poison Material that has toxic effects on the system. Toxin Material that is poisonous to the system. Acute Rapid onset of toxic effect after exposure. Chronic Toxic effect noted over time. Cumulative Toxin builds up in body. Carcinogen Material that causes cancer Mutagen Material that causes genetic mutation  Material Safety Data Terminology Teratogen Material that causes birth defects Caustic Material that causes chemical burns or eats away at equipment Explosive Material that may explode under certain conditions, ex: exposure to air, water, etc. Oxidizer Material that causes other substances to burn Peroxide former Material that forms explosive peroxides when exposed to air Flash point Lowest temperature at which a vapor given off by a material will ignite. Material Safety Data Terminology Corrosive Same as caustic, but usually used to describe equipment destruction. Lacrymator Material causes irritation of the eyes, skin or respiratory system Flammable Material that burns Inflammable Material that burns Combustible Material that burns Chemical Labeling Primary Container Labeling Manufacturer Hazards Identity  Secondary Container Labeling Identity (as it appears on the MSDS) Hazards (words, pictures and/or symbols)  Flash Point Labeling: N.F.P.A. 704 4-Below 73oF 4-Deadly 3-Below 100oF 3-Extreme 2-Above 100oF Not Danger Exceeding 200oF 2-Hazardous 1-Above 200oF 1-Slightly 0-Will Not Burn Hazardous 0-Normal 4-May Detonate 3-Shock and Heat May OX-Oxidizer Detonate ACID-Acid 2-Violent Chemical Change ALK-Alkali 1-Unstable if Heated 0-Stable W-Use no Water Labeling D.O.T. Chemical Hazards & Symbols Flammable – Any substance that will burn if exposed to an open flame. Explosive – A substance that may explode if exposed to heat or flame. Chemical Hazards & Symbols Toxic/Poison – A substance that can lead to death if inhaled, ingested, or absorbed by the skin. Corrosive – A substance that can destroy or burn living tissue and can eat away at other materials. Chemical Hazards & Symbols Irritant - A substance that causes inflammation upon contact with skin or mucous membranes. Environmental - Substances that are harmful to the environment. They must be disposed of properly, not washed down the drain.  Purpose of Laboratory Chemical Safety Protect the worker Safeguard the environment Comply with regulations Support the conduct of the studies Chemical and Laboratory Safety  Learning to work safely in the laboratory is as important as learning the chemical concepts and techniques involved in each experiment. Have a safe semester! Sources https://www.wikihow.com/Stay-Safe-in-a-Science-Lab https://www.labmanager.com/lab-health-and-safety/science-laboratory-safety- rules-guidelines-5727 https://ehs.stonybrook.edu/programs/laboratory-safety/lab-safety-guide