Laboratory Orientation PDF

LABORATORY ORIENTATION Prepared By: Aimee Rose Cruz, RCh (2024) A summary of the rules and regulations of the Chemistry Department Stockroom based on CHED Technical Panel on Chemistry and on standing guidelines of the Chemistry stockroom:  Basic Causes Of Ac...

LABORATORY ORIENTATION Prepared By: Aimee Rose Cruz, RCh (2024) A summary of the rules and regulations of the Chemistry Department Stockroom based on CHED Technical Panel on Chemistry and on standing guidelines of the Chemistry stockroom:  Basic Causes Of Accidents ▪ Failure to follow instructions or rules ▪ Failure to use protective device ▪ Improper use of material ▪ Physical condition or handicap ▪ Knowledge or mental attitude ▪ Use of devices with unknown defects SAFETY RULES: 1. Know the chemical properties of chemicals used as discussed by the instructor. 2. Never work alone when handling hazardous chemicals. Do not perform unauthorized work, preparations and experiments. Follow procedures. If in doubt, ask your instructor. Material Safety Data Sheet LABORATORY SAFETY SYMBOLS Biohazard High Voltage Hazard Carcinogenic Hazard Hot Surface Hazard Corrosive Materials Hazard Ionizing Radiation Hazard Dangerous to the Environment Low Temperature Hazard Electrical Hazard Non-ionizing Radiation Hazard Explosive Material Hazard Oxidizing Materials Hazard Flammable Material Hazard Toxic Material Hazard General Warning UV Light Hazard Glassware Hazard 3. Avoid eating, drinking, using medications or applying cosmetics in the laboratory as it may cause ingested or contact poisoning. Do not taste chemicals unless directed by the instructor. If it is necessary to smell the chemical, cautiously waft a handful of vapor toward the nose. 4. Never engage in pranks or any mischievous acts as it may trigger an accident or injury to other students in the laboratory. 5. Report chemical spillage to the instructor and/or the laboratory personnel especially if the spill requires special attention like mercury spill, a dye spillage, or an acid/base spillage. 6. ALWAYS label test tubes and containers to avoid accidental contamination of chemicals which could result to a violent reaction. Do not use substances that are unlabeled. 7. Keep face and hands clean at all times. Wash face and hands with water and soap to avoid chemical poisoning. Avoid touching the face during the lab period. 8. Report any accidents or incidents to the instructor for safety purposes. Report chemical and gas leak to the instructor to avoid untoward incidents. 9. Never pour water into concentrated acid. Always add ACID to WATER slowly or in small increments. 10. Wear proper protection during laboratory when handling chemicals. Confine long hair and loose clothing. Keep the lab coat closed. Do not wear high-heeled and open-toed shoes, sandals or slippers. LABORATORY ATTIRE 1. apron / lab gown 2. closed shoes 3. safety goggles 4. face mask 5. gloves (nitrile) 11.Use only one apparatus for measuring or extracting per reagent. DO NOT share apparatus between different reagents to avoid accidental mixing and contamination. Check the labels on the spatulas, droppers, cylinders, etc before getting any chemicals. 12.Use tongs and/or protective gloves to handle hot objects. Remember: glass wares look the same before and after heating. 13. Never reach across an open flame or burner. 14. Never leave a burner or hotplate unattended. 15. When heating a test tube, hold it at an angle and point the opening of the tube away from people  All Lab Rooms are equipped with emergency supplies. First aid kit. Fire Safety: Fire extinguishers, Fire bucket Spillages: Sink, Emergency shower, Eyewash, The evacuation point for occupants of Roblee is the Big Field. Breakages must be reported to the laboratory staff or assistant for cleanup and disposal. Do NOT attempt to cleanup breakages on your own.  FIRST AID  For chemical splashes and burns, wash the affected area with plenty of water for up to 10 minutes  For concentrated acid spills, apply baking soda solution. For base spills, apply vinegar or boric acid.  For electrical shocks, shut off the current at the source, remove wires with rubber gloves, and alert the supervisor. WOUNDS AND CUTS ❑ Wash small wounds with soap and water ❑ Apply mild antiseptic (ie. iodine solution) and cover wound. ❑ Control bleeding with direct pressure, avoiding any foreign bodies such as glass ❑ Bring to nearest clinic if wound or cut is due to corroded or rusted metal or the cut is very deep and large. ❑ For closed wounds without blood (hematoma), apply cold compress for 20 min to reduce swelling or pain. ❑ Apply tourniquet as first aid for serious deep wounds. Antiseptic and Skin Medications ❑ Alcohol- 70% ethanol or isopropyl alcohol, for disinfection ❑ Hydrogen peroxide- 3%, antiseptic for wound cleaning ❑ Iodine solution - to be applied to wounds after cleansing ❑ Burn ointment- to be applied for 1st degree skin burn ❑ Calamine lotion- for relief of skin itchiness. PROTECTING YOUR HEALTH If you have an allergy to lab materials or suffer from a medical condition which may affect you in the laboratory (e.g. diabetes or epilepsy), ensure that your supervisor knows USING CHEMICALS AND WASTE MANAGEMENT: 1. Check the chemicals that they are getting. They must see to it that they are using the chemicals intended for that laboratory procedure 2. Avoid spillage of chemicals. Measure only the exact amount of chemicals intended for that procedure with caution 3. Ask the lab instructor on how to handle chemicals properly. Ask on how to use different types of containers, how to use beakers, pipets, burets, graduated cylinders and other measuring glass wares. USING CHEMICALS AND WASTE MANAGEMENT: 4. Use the fume hood for substances that releases toxic gases and vapors. 5. Know that almost all substances in the laboratory are lethal, poisonous and carcinogenic in nature therefore proper handling must be done. HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT: Labelled waste bottles are provided in each laboratory room and stockroom. Trash Bins for contaminated/used gloves during the experiment is also in place Borrow a breaker or container from the stockroom staff/student assistant for waste collection.  FOR BORROWING AND RETURNING OF APPARATUS OR GLASS WARES: a. Prepared glasswares/apparatus are provided by the stockroom before the experiment starts. No need to fill-up borrower’s slip and only one member of the group is required to submit their ID to the stockroom staff or student assistant, then wait for the glasswares/apparatus to be given. b. In the case of additional request for glasswares/apparatus, only one member from the group will obtain a borrower’s slip from the stockroom. Fill up the information asked for. Write the glass wares to be borrowed clearly. Indicate what type of glass ware, the capacity and the number of pieces. Submit the borrower’s slip to the stockroom staff/student assistant. Wait for the glass wares or apparatus to be given.  FOR BORROWING AND RETURNING OF APPARATUS OR GLASS WARES: c. Check the glass wares carefully if there are cracks or chips. If there are, immediately asked the stockroom staff or student assistant to replace them. d. After the laboratory, return the glass wares to the stockroom staff free of smell, residue, scratch, cracks, chips; and must be clean and in good condition. Get your ID and checked borrower’s slip from the stockroom staff.  FOR BORROWING AND RETURNING OF APPARATUS OR GLASS WARES: e. For glass wares and instruments that need to be checked-in or borrowed for a limited time, fill up the check in slip for borrowed items in the stockroom. f. Wash glass wares with detergent and water and let it dry before returning. The laboratory staff has the right not to accept any unwashed glass wares.  INCASE OF GLASSWARE/APPARATUS BREAKAGE OR DAMAGED: a. If a student loses/breaks a borrowed apparatus or glass wares, he/she will fill up the charge slip form. The corresponding amount of the apparatus or glass wares will be charged to his/her personal account. b. If it is a group work, the corresponding amount of that broken apparatus or glass wares will be divided among the members of the group. This will then be added to the tuition and fees charges. c. Payment of charged breakages will be settled at the Business Office before the scheduled Final examinations.  IN CASE OF EXCESSIVE USE OF CHEMICAL OR REAGENT: a. If a student wasted or used the chemical or reagent excessively or more than the prepared amount for the laboratory experiment in case of repetition or when preparing reagents, especially for the expensive and hard to procure materials and consumables, he/she needs to fill up the material/chemical charge form. The corresponding amount of the material/chemical will be charged to his/her personal account and will be transferred to Chemistry account on laboratory supplies/chemicals.  IN CASE OF EXCESSIVE USE OF CHEMICAL OR REAGENT: b. If it is a group work, the corresponding amount of the material/chemical will be divided among the members of the group. This will then be added to the tuition and fees charges will be transferred to Chemistry account on laboratory supplies/chemicals. c. Payment of charges will be settled at the Business Office before the scheduled Final examinations. ON WEIGHING OF SUBSTANCES: 1. Only one student per group is required to fill-up the logbook. Only two students per group are allowed inside the balance room for weighing per balance use to avoid crowding. 2. Be aware of the chemicals to be weighed especially corrosive chemicals like iodine crystals. Caution is also needed in weighing substances that are lighter in weight and those that leave stains like dyes. 3. Chemicals are provided with labeled spatulas. ON WEIGHING OF SUBSTANCES: 4. Take note that different balances have different weight limits. Choose a container that will not exceed this limit with the substance 5. NEVER move the balance to avoid needing recalibration. Open doors and press the buttons gently. ON WEIGHING OF SUBSTANCES: 6. In case of weighing a liquid, inform the instructor. Pipets are usually used to transfer liquids to be weighed. 7. Do not weigh substances directly on the pan. Beakers, flasks, or filter paper may be used as a container for weighing. 8. Clean the pan with a designated brush after use. Do not clean the internal part of the balance. REMINDERS: 1. Make their working area clean at all times. Clean any waste after the laboratory time. Do waste management always. 2. Arrange chairs, turn the lights and electric fan off and clean the board before leaving the laboratory. 3. Clean lockers after the last laboratory exam. 4. The students are required to bring their own sponge, rags, test tube brush, detergent soaps and disinfecting solutions for cleaning  LAB EQUIPMENT FUME HOOD to control exposure of instruments. to properly ventilate toxic, foul-smelling chemicals, especially gases. HOT PLATE To heat larger volumes of liquids or greater quantities of glass wares or for longer periods of time. To heat water baths Some contain magnetic stirrers TEST TUBE RACK TEST TUBE HOLDER IRON STAND IRON RING CRUCIBLE TONGS WIRE GAUZE  FOR GLASS WARES  Used when chemical reactions require Be mindful of the heating or other special setups capacity of liquid Round bottom flask needed when selecting glasswares to be used Erlenmeyer flask Graduated Cylinder Used for containing chemicals and observing chemical reactions/changes TEST TUBES Used for simple chemical tests, mixing small amounts of reagents CENTRIFUGE TUBES Used for containing substances, mixing, but NEVER for accurate measurements BEAKER GRADUATED CYLINDER Used for accurate volume measurements of liquids, NEVER for mixing BURETTE Used for accurately *Zero reading is at the top of the glass measuring the ware, while the volume of liquid maximum volume needed or used in a (usually 50 mL) is chemical reaction at the bottom near since the volume the stopcock and added can be dropper carefully controlled by the stopcock When measuring the volume of a liquid, at eye level; Read the lower meniscus for transparent liquids Read the upper meniscus for dark colored liquids whose lower meniscus cannot clearly be seen  COMMON OBSERVATIONS AND TERMS COMMON OBSERVATIONS Take note of the appearance of the reagents before they are mixed, combined, or added. Formation of bubbles - Indicates the formation/release of a gas Change in color COMMON OBSERVATIONS Change in physical state Cloudiness / formation of a precipitate – a substance that is insoluble in the reaction solution. SOLUBILITY Soluble/miscible Insoluble/immiscible Solute – the substance of smaller amount, usually a solid that is added to the solution Solvent – the substance of larger amount, a liquid that the solute is added to REACTION TO LITMUS PAPER Red turns to blue = Base/basic RBB Blue turns to red = Acid/acidic BRA Litmus paper may be dropped or dipped into the mixture or drops of the liquid may be applied to the litmus paper as it rests on a watch glass.  The S in science stands for ‘Safely executing the experiment so you can survive to perform the next one’