Social Beliefs, Norms, and Values PDF

# Social Beliefs, Norms, and Values ## True or False Questions 1. **Social beliefs are static and do not change over time because they are strongly held beliefs.** * **False**: Social beliefs evolve due to cultural and societal changes. 2. **Stereotypes are a form of social belief that involv...

# Social Beliefs, Norms, and Values ## True or False Questions 1. **Social beliefs are static and do not change over time because they are strongly held beliefs.** * **False**: Social beliefs evolve due to cultural and societal changes. 2. **Stereotypes are a form of social belief that involves generalizing characteristics of a group to all its members.** * **True**: Stereotypes involve generalizations about groups. 3. **Social beliefs affect individuals' personal relationships, not societal structures.** * **False**: Social beliefs influence both personal relationships and societal structures. 4. **Norms are societal beliefs that dictate how individuals are expected to behave in specific situations.** * **True**: Norms define behavioral expectations. 5. **People's social beliefs are typically based only on personal experiences.** * **False**: Social beliefs stem from personal experiences and societal influences. 6. **Social beliefs about gender roles can influence career choices and opportunities for individuals.** * **True**: Gender roles can shape professional opportunities. 7. **Social beliefs are always conscious and can be easily articulated by individuals.** * **False**: Social beliefs can be unconscious and not easily articulated. 8. **Changes in social beliefs can lead to social change and reform in society.** * **True**: Shifts in beliefs often drive societal reform. 9. **Cultural norms and values are universal and the same across all societies.** * **False**: Cultural norms and values vary between societies. 10. **Cultural norms dictate acceptable behavior, but cultural values define what is considered important or worthwhile.** * **True**: Norms guide behavior, while values reflect priorities. 11. **Cultural norms and values are often passed down through generations and can remain unchanged over time.** * **True**: Cultural norms are often transmitted intergenerationally. 12. **What is considered taboo in one culture may be acceptable or even celebrated in another.** * **True**: Cultural taboos differ across societies. 13. **Cultural values always align with legal systems and formal rules in a society.** * **True**: Cultural values are typically reflected in legal systems. 14. **Cultural norms shape what is considered "normal" or "abnormal" behavior in a society.** * **True**: Norms define acceptable and unacceptable behavior. 15. **Cultural norms and values are influenced only by past events and not by modern-day influences like media or global interactions.** * **False**: Modern influences, like media, also shape norms and values. 16. **Stereotypes are generally based on personal, direct experiences with members of a particular group.** * **True**: Personal experiences can lead to stereotypes. 17. **People can hold multiple stereotypes at the same time, even about their own group.** * **True**: Individuals may have overlapping stereotypes, even about their in-group. 18. **Stereotypes can sometimes reflect cultural observations, but they tend to ignore individual differences.** * **True**: Stereotypes generalize and overlook individuality. 19. **Stereotyping only occurs consciously, when individuals deliberately apply generalizations about a group.** * **False**: Stereotyping can occur unconsciously. 20. **Stereotypes are always harmful and should always be avoided.** * **True**: Stereotypes can perpetuate bias and discrimination. 21. **Prejudice can be both conscious and unconscious, influencing people's attitudes and behaviors.** * **True**: Prejudice operates at both conscious and unconscious levels. 22. **Prejudice is based on personal interactions and direct experiences with individuals from the targeted group.** * **True**: Interactions can shape prejudice. 23. **Prejudice is generally a result of exposure to diverse groups and increased knowledge.** * **False**: Prejudice often arises from limited exposure and misinformation. 24. **Prejudice can influence people's behavior, even if they consciously reject it.** * **True**: Implicit biases can affect behavior despite conscious denial. 25. **Prejudice can only be harmful to the individuals or groups who are the target of it.** * **False**: Prejudice can harm society as a whole by fostering division. 26. **Combating prejudice requires not only changing attitudes but also addressing structural and institutional forms of bias.** * **True**: Systemic bias must be tackled to address prejudice effectively. 27. **Social norms are formal, written rules that are clearly outlined and enforced by law.** * **True**: Some norms are codified into laws. 28. **Social norms always reflect the best interests of all members of society.** * **False**: Norms may reflect majority or dominant group interests. 29. **Social norms only exist in large societies and do not apply to small groups or families.** * **False**: Norms exist in all social contexts, including small groups. 30. **In some cases, social norms can be challenged or changed through collective action or social movements.** * **True**: Social movements can alter norms. 31. **Social norms only regulate personal behaviors and not larger societal issues.** * **False**: Norms influence both individual and societal behaviors. 32. **Belief systems are explicit and formally stated by individuals or groups.** * **True**: Beliefs can be explicitly expressed. 33. **Belief systems can shape a person's worldview, guiding their decisions, actions, and interactions with others.** * **True**: Beliefs significantly impact behavior and relationships. 34. **People's belief systems are always conscious and can be easily articulated when asked.** * **False**: Many beliefs operate unconsciously. 35. **Cultural belief systems always align with religious belief systems in a society.** * **False**: Cultural and religious beliefs can differ. 36. **Conformity can occur even in the absence of direct social pressure, simply due to a desire for social acceptance.** * **True**: Conformity often stems from the need for acceptance. 37. **Conformity is influenced by large groups, not by smaller groups or close relationships.** * **False**: Small groups and close relationships also influence conformity. 38. **Conformity can suppress individuality and independent thinking by encouraging people to follow the crowd.** * **True**: Conformity discourages independent thought. 39. **Social norms have no impact on conformity because individuals always make independent decisions.** * **False**: Social norms strongly influence conformity. 40. **Conformity is generally a passive process, where individuals automatically adjust to fit group norms without conscious awareness.** * **True**: Conformity often occurs unconsciously. 41. **Conformity is more likely to occur when individuals are uncertain about what to do, particularly in ambiguous situations.** * **True** 42. **Internal attributions are explanations that focus on personal traits, abilities, or characteristics, like intelligence or motivation.** * **True** 43. **External attributions attribute behavior to internal factors like personality traits or personal effort.** * **False** 44. **A person who attributes their success on a test to their intelligence is making an external attribution.** * **False** 45. **When explaining someone's failure, people are more likely to make external attributions rather than internal attributions.** * **False** 46. **The fundamental attribution bias only affects our views of others' negative behaviors, not their positive behaviors.** * **True** 47. **When committing the fundamental attribution error, we are more likely to attribute someone else's success to their internal traits rather than external factors.** * **True** 48. **The fundamental attribution error is the same as the self-serving bias, as both involve attributing behavior to internal factors.** * **False** 49. **Self-serving bias helps individuals maintain a positive self-image and self-esteem.** * **True** 50. **Self-serving bias is primarily an unconscious process, where people are unaware that they are making these attributions.** * **True** 51. **Self-serving bias is a universal behavior that applies equally to all individuals and cultures.** * **True** 52. **The halo effect is a cognitive bias where the perception of one negative trait influences the perception of other traits.** * **False** 53. **The halo effect only works when people are highly skilled or competent in the area being judged.** * **False** 54. **People are more likely to remember the last items presented in a list than those presented at the beginning, due to the "recency effect."** * **True** 55. **People are equally likely to remember the first and last items in a sequence, and this is not always considered as bias.** * **False** 56. **The recency effect is commonly observed in memory recall, where people are more likely to remember the items presented at the beginning of a list.** * **False** 57. **In impression formation, the recency effect suggests that recent interactions or behaviors are more likely to influence our overall perception of someone than earlier ones.** * **True** 58. **Confirmation bias leads people to objectively evaluate all information, regardless of whether it aligns with their preexisting beliefs.** * **False** 59. **One consequence of confirmation bias is that it can distort our judgments and decision-making by making us overlook important alternative perspectives or evidence.** * **True** 60. **Once new evidence contradicts an initial belief, people with belief perseverance are likely to revise their opinions.** * **False**