Pointers (UCSP) PDF

**POINTERS (UCSP)** **LESSON 1: I. Starting points for the understanding of culture, society, and politics** **Anthropology as Discipline** - The study of human kind, which examines people in viewpoints going from the science and transformative history of Homo sapiens to the provisions...

**POINTERS (UCSP)** **LESSON 1: I. Starting points for the understanding of culture, society, and politics** **Anthropology as Discipline** - The study of human kind, which examines people in viewpoints going from the science and transformative history of Homo sapiens to the provisions of society and culture that unequivocally recognize people from other creature species. **Sociology as Discipline** - It is the study of society, social institutions, and social relationships. It explores how social structures, interactions, and processes shape human behavior, culture, and societal development. Political Science as Discipline - is the study of politics, government systems, and political behavior. It seeks to understand how political power and influence are distributed and exercised, how political decisions are made, and how political institutions and processes shape societies. **II. Analyze the Concept, Aspects, Changes In/Of Culture and Society** Nation-State - is a sovereign state whose citizens or subjects have common culture. They speak the same language, have a common descent, and a common history. Having with common culture, the nation-state therefore, is a major component of **personal identity**. - **Personal Identity** is the concept you develop about yourself that evolves over the course of your life. **THREE ELEMENTS OF IDENTITY** - **Morals** are the fundamental beliefs established from the value systems of how we should act in any certain condition. - **Values** what we learned from childhood; the behavior from their parents and environments. - **Ethics**, on the other hand, are the rules Filipinos actually do and act in the aspect of complicated situations that check their moral character of right and wrong. - According to **David Bohm**, each individual already contains the whole information field of society. It is the whole information field, but each individual contains that information field in his own way. - **Environmental Determinism** People were shaped according to the geographical features. **CULTURE** **SOCIETY** **III. CHARACTERISTICS OF CULTURE** - **CULTURE IS LEARNED** - **CULTURE IS SHARED** - **CULTURE IS SYMBOLIC** - **CULTURE IS DYNAMIC AND ADAPTIVE** - **CULTURE IS DYNAMIC INTERACTION WITH ENVIRONMENT** - **CULTURE IS INTEGRATED AND PATTERNED** - **CULTURE IS MALADAPTIVE** **CULTURAL VALUES, NORMS, AND BELIEFS** **Values** refer to the core beliefs and principles that guide and motivate our attitudes and actions. They are fundamental to who we are as individuals and influence our decisions, behaviors, and interactions with others. **Beliefs** are ideas or convictions that individuals hold to be true, often based on personal experiences, upbringing, cultural influences, and interpretations of information. **Norms** are societal or cultural rules or expectations for behavior within a specific group, community, or society. They define what is considered acceptable, appropriate, or desirable behavior in various situations. **IV. CULTURAL FORMS AND THREATS** **Tangible and Intangible Cultural Heritage** **TANGIBLE CULTURAL HERITAGE** - It includes all material objects - tangible heritage provides the physical space for the non-physical expressions of culture. **INTANGIBLE CULTURAL HERITAGE** - The other form of culture is non-material or intangible. Both the **tangible** and **intangible** forms of culture, according to the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), are considered as **"cultural heritage"**. **CULTURAL THREATS** - **Globalization** - **Colonialism and Imperialism** - **Cultural Appropriation** - **Technological Change** - **Economic Pressures** - **Political and Social Conflicts** - **Environmental Changes** - **Loss of Language** **LESSON 2: BECOMING MEMBER OF SOCIETY\ CHUNK 1: Enculturation and Socialization** - **Self** is a product of social process. It emerges from social interaction such as socialization and enculturation. - **Socialization** refers to a lifelong social experience by which people develop their human potential and learn culture. **SOCIALIZATION** Process by which individuals learn and internalize the norms, values, and behaviors of their society through interactions with others. **ENCULTURATION** **Socialization** covers the general process of learning to live in society, enculturation focuses specifically on the adoption of cultural norms and practices. **Enculturation** can be seen as a component of the broader socialization process, with a specific emphasis on cultural transmission. **They are both are intertwined processes that involve the acquisition of cultural knowledge, values, and behaviors.** These two concepts are important in the development of oneself which includes the following key terms: identity, values, role, norms, role manipulation, values formation and impression management.