Properties of a Well-Written Text PDF

Properties of a Well-Written Text A. Organization refers on how the ideas in the text are organized or how the paragraph is arranged with its introduction, body, and conclusion must have the topic sentence or the main idea 1. SEQUENTIAL ORDER a technique in arranging the text observing...

Properties of a Well-Written Text A. Organization refers on how the ideas in the text are organized or how the paragraph is arranged with its introduction, body, and conclusion must have the topic sentence or the main idea 1. SEQUENTIAL ORDER a technique in arranging the text observing the chronological order or time, process or sequence, and narration of events 1. SEQUENTIAL ORDER use signal words like first, second, third, initially, primarily, following, preceding, next, when, later, before, after, then, until, not long after that, finally, lastly, at last, etc. 2. SPATIAL ORDER organizing the paragraph pertaining to space, position, or location of people or things very suitable when describing about the geographical location of things or people. 2. SPATIAL ORDER use signal words like above, below, under, behind, beside, beyond, alongside, nearby, in front of, inside, outside, on top of, etc. 3. COMPLEXITY ORDER refers to the logical order from simple to complex, inductive to deductive, cause and effect, and problem and solution to help the writers explain their ideas can be done by defining and illustrating 3. COMPLEXITY ORDER cause-effect signal words – because, since, as a consequence, due to, etc. problem-solution – because, as a solution, consequently, so that, therefore, etc. definition – defined as, means, refers to, to illustrate, as defined, etc. can be used 4. LISTING ORDER the ordering of ideas following the alphabet Ex. (major cities in the Philippines): Cagayan De Oro City, Caloocan, Cebu, Davao City, Manila, Parañaque, Pasig, Quezon City, Taguig, and Zamboanga City 4. LISTING ORDER can be done by enumerating ideas through numbers in ascending order (e.g. 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9, etc.) and descending order (e.g. 9,8,7,6,5,4,3,2, and 1) B. COHERENCE AND COHESION ideas are well organized COHERENCE the way in which ideas in a text are linked logically COHESION the way in which different parts of a text refer to each other (linking devices, pronouns, etc). COHERENCE refers to the overall sense of unity in a passage, including both the main point of sentences and the main point of each paragraph. COHESION does not mean just “grammatically correct” sentences refers to the connection of ideas both at the sentence level and at the paragraph level COHESION allows writers to make multiple references to people, things, and events without reintroducing them at each turn 1. Transitions words that connect one idea to another, making the writer’s ideas flow smoothly  Category Transition Words causation thus, therefore, since, on account of, hence, for that reason, consequently, because, and so, as a result, accordingly time first, afterward, before, after, earlier, eventually, then, meanwhile, now, next, also  Category Transition Words sequence furthermore, moreover, next, also, finally, last, besides, additionally contrast after all, otherwise, though, yet, notwithstanding, nonetheless, in contrast, however, despite, conversely  Category Transition Words comparison in like manner, in similar fashion, in the same way, likewise, still, in comparison, too example as an illustration, to demonstrate, to illustrate, for instance, for example, specifically, that is  Category Transition Words location above, adjacent to,wherever, there, peripherally, opposite to, nearby, here, centrally, beyond importance primarily, of less importance, foundationally, critically, chiefly, most importantly  Category Transition Words intensification in fact, without doubt, undoubtedly, surely, to repeat, of course, indeed, no, yes concession granted, it is true, naturally, to be sure, of course Category Transition Words purpose to this end, so that, in order that, for this purpose summary to sum up, to summarize, in summary, in short, in sum, in brief conclusion to conclude, in the end, in conclusion, lastly, finally, thus, therefore 2. Repetitions a word, a phrase, or a full sentence repeated to highlight its importance in the entire text keeps continuity helps the readers remain focused and headed in the right direction Examples: 3. Most students are intimated by the works of William Shakespeare. They believe Shakepeare’s sonnets and plays are far too complicated to read and understand. 3.Synonyms words similar in meaning to important words or phrases 4. Pronouns used to connect sentences by referring to preceding nouns and pronouns help create paragraphs readable by removing wordiness and unnecessary repetition C. Language use refers to the appropriateness of word/vocabulary usage one of the strongest indicators of a well-written text (leads writers to effectively communicate ideas without confusing the reader) 6 characteristics of effective language: 1. concrete and specific, not vague and abstract 2. concise, not verbose 3. familiar, not obscure 4. precise, not ambiguous 5. constructive, not destructive 6. formality of language 1. Concrete and Specific Language A. Concrete language involves tangible qualities/characteristics and things through senses. B. Specific language designates particular items or individual's cases.  ABSTRACT CONCRETE To excel in college, To excel in college, you’ll you’ll have to work need to attend every hard. class; do all your reading; write several drafts of each paper; and review your notes for each class weekly.  GENERAL SPECIFIC The student Rhea enjoyed Mr. enjoyed the Gallardo’s 8:00 a.m. class. EAPP class. 2. Concise Language involves using the most appropriate terms to get one’s point across means using a minimal amount of effective terms to convey one’s argument VERBOSE/WORDY CONCISE Leah believed but Leah assumed could not verify that James that James had adored her. feelings of affection for her. VERBOSE/WORDY CONCISE My professor My professor demonstrated some of the ways and methods demonstrated for cutting words methods for from my essay that I cutting words had written for the from my essay. class. 3. Familiar Language refers to words/terms that the reader easily recognizes and understands has a greater effect  UNFAMILIAR FAMILIAR After our perusal of The data we pertinent data, the studied show that conclusion is that a your property is lucrative market profitable and in exists for the high demand. subject property. 4. Precise Language clear mental images and avoid wordiness more understandable (using the fewest possible words without sacrificing the meaning)  IMPRECISE PRECISE Entrepreneurs use Entrepreneurs use professional writing professional writing skills to skills to communicate communicate with effectively with clients others. and business partners. 5. Constructive Language The use of constructive language expresses a potentially negative in a positive way, while destructive language leads the reader to blame and criticism, causing defensiveness.  DESTRUCTIVE PRECISE The problem is.. The challenge is.. What you do not Let me explain in a understand is.. different way. It is not my How can I help? problem. 6. Formality of Language conform to the formality of the situation and the relationship between the writer and the reader  Exceedingly large segments of the population are expressing their discontent with medical practitioners Very who appear to more engrossed in amassing financial Formal assets than in providing efficacious care to people with health disorders A large number of consumers are complaining about Formal medical doctors who are apparently more interested in making money than in providing effective health care. A lot of people are unhappy with their doctors who Informal only seem to care about how much money they make and not giving their patients good care. D. Mechanics conventions to be considered in writing – spelling, punctuation, and capitalization 1. Spelling consistently use one standard regarding the spelling of there are slight differences in American English spelling and British English spelling American Spelling British Spelling airplane aeroplane analyze analyse anesthesia anaesthesia aging ageing color colour defense defence learned learnt organize organise theater theatre traveled travelled 2. Punctuation a system of symbols used to provide structure and organize a text – comma, period, quotation marks, question marks, etc. directs the reader to interpret the text PUNCTUATION MARKS USES COMMA (,) a. to separate items in a series if all items in the series are followed by and or or, use a comma Ex: Squirrel, rabbit, and venison are the three kinds of meat originally in a burgoo. PUNCTUATION MARKS USES COMMA (,) b. to separate two complete sentences joined by a conjunction (and, but, or, nor, or for, and sometimes yet and so) Ex: We ran out of gas, so I went to the nearest gas refilling station. PUNCTUATION MARKS USES COMMA (,) c. to set off dates and addresses Ex: January 08, 2021 Davao City, Philippines PUNCTUATION MARKS USES SEMICOLON ( ; ) a. to separate two sentences when there is no coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, nor, or for Ex: Class was canceled today; Mr. Diaz was sick. PUNCTUATION MARKS USES SEMICOLON ( ; ) b. if two sentences are joined by a conjunctive adverb, use a semicolon before the conjunctive adverb and a comma after it. Ex: Leaves fell from the trees in multiple colors; consequently, we have a big job ahead for us raking them into compost piles. PUNCTUATION MARKS USES SEMICOLON ( ; ) c. to separate two sentences joined with coordinating conjunction when commas are contained within either of the sentences Ex: Leaves fell from the trees in red, gold, yellow, and brown; and it looked like snow with a rainbow. PUNCTUATION MARKS USES SEMICOLON ( ; ) d. to separate items in a series if there are commas within the items Ex: Ms. Dapar, my friend; Mr. Diaz, my neighbor; and Ms. Lastimosa, my MAPEH teacher all pledged to support the program. PUNCTUATION MARKS USES a. for conventional items: giving the COLON ( : ) time, separating chapter from a verse in Bible references, separating volume from a page in bibliography references, and writing a salutation in a business letter Ex: 5:30 a.m. Luke 4:17-28 Dear Madam: PUNCTUATION MARKS USES b. to introduce a formal list. Words COLON ( : ) such as the following or as follows frequently signal a formal list Ex: The attendant made the following checks on my car: oil level, transmission fluid level, battery, tire pressure, and windshield washer fluid. PUNCTUATION MARKS USES APOSTROPHE used as a substitute for a missing letter or letters in a word (as in (’) the contraction cannot = can't), to show the possessive case (Jane's room), and in the plural of letters, some numbers and abbreviations Note: groups of years no longer require an apostrophe Ex: the 1950s or the 90s) PUNCTUATION MARKS USES DASH ( ) to separate parts of a sentence Ex: The dash is also known as an "em dash" because it is the length of a printed letter m — it is longer than a hyphen PUNCTUATION MARKS USES ELLIPSIS ( … ) indicates that part of the text has been intentionally been left out Example: 0, 2, 4,... , 100 PUNCTUATION MARKS USES EXCLAMATION used to show POINT ( ! ) excitement or emphasis Example: It is cold! PUNCTUATION MARKS USES HYPHEN ( - ) used between parts of a compound word or name also used to split a word by syllables to fit on a line of text Example: The sixteen-year-old girl is a full-time student. PUNCTUATION MARKS USES PARENTHESES used to separate explanations ( ) or qualifying statements within a sentence the part in the parentheses is called a parenthetical remark Example: This sentence (like others on this page) contains a parenthetical remark. PUNCTUATION MARKS USES PERIOD (. ) used to note the end of a declarative sentence Example: I am busy. PUNCTUATION MARKS USES QUESTION used at the end of a MARK question (?) Example: Where are you? PUNCTUATION MARKS USES QUOTATION used at the beginning and MARK end of a phrase to show (“ ”) that it is being written exactly as it was originally said or written Example: She said, "Let's eat." 3. Capitalization helps express details any sentence’s first word is capitalized, signaling that a new sentence has started to signify uniqueness, proper nouns are capitalized words that require capitalization Proper nouns Arthur, Davao City Proper adjectives Chinese, Filipino Days of the week Sunday, Monday Months of the year January, February words that require capitalization Specific Course Titles Theater 101 Kinship names used in Grandpa, Mom, Aunt place of personal name and Selly, Uncle Ben are followed by personal names Historical periods, events, EDSA Revolution, the documents Renaissance, the Constitution