Landscape Architecture & Profession PDF

LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE & THE PROFESSION LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE IN THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT  The earth Regions Cities Landscapes Structures Interiors Products Bartuska and Young...

LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE & THE PROFESSION LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE IN THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT  The earth Regions Cities Landscapes Structures Interiors Products Bartuska and Young, 1994  THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT DISCIPLINE 1) Earth – environmental scientists & and global planners. 2) Regions – regional planners & ecologists 3) Cities – urban designers & planners 4) Landscapes – landscape architects & planners. 5) Structures – architects & engineers. 6) Interiors - interior designers. 7) Products - graphic designers & artists, product and industrial designers.  Physical elements e.g. 1 landforms LANDSCAPE 2 Living elements of flora and fauna The landscape is when land is described based on its Abstract elements physiographic and 3 such as lighting and environmental weather conditions characteristics. It comprises of the features 4 Human elements, e.g. human activity or the built environment. LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE is the design of outdoor public areas, landmarks, and structures to achieve environmental, social-behavioral, or aesthetic outcomes.  LANDSCAPE FABRIC ‘FABRIC’ An interconnected whole & integrated parts of landscape at various scales created through process LANDSCAPE FABRIC Landscape processes and systems Landscape for people Regional landscapes Towns and cities City districts Urban greenspace and communications  LANDSCAPE FABRIC The built environment profession aims for SUSTAINABILITY of the landscape fabric Protect natural places Protect systems and processes Protect resources  LANDSCAPE FABRIC 1. LANDSCAPE PROCESSES & SYSTEM Climate, hydrology, geology and geomorphology, soils, vegetation, air, fauna, local ecosystem To understand these natural processes To understand how people change and alter landscape ----- agriculture, industry, settlement  LANDSCAPE FABRIC 1. Conserve 2. Protect 3. Enhance natural environment 4. Regenerate natural systems  LANDSCAPE FABRIC 2. LANDSCAPE FOR PEOPLE Human experience Integrate needs of : People’s culture, social, political, economic and environmental. 2. LANDSCAPE FOR PEOPLE How can we understand the landscape for people in design? E.g. Community ---> An interacting population of various kinds of individuals in a common location-e.g. residential neighborhood  LANDSCAPE FABRIC 3. REGIONAL LANDSCAPE Designed of a landscape that consider: The natural and semi-natural systems Agriculture Settlement Transport Climate and culture. ‘Regenerate’ a region.  CULTURAL LANDSCAPE A landscape is different from one place to another due to its historical impact of man on the land Landscapes that have been affected, influenced, or shaped by human involvement – a vernacular landscape. Cultural Landscape is a reflection: Dynamic Natural systems Social  CULTURAL LANDSCAPE Several types of cultural landscapes: Vernacular Landscapes – landscape that evolved through use by the people whose activities/occupancy shaped the land. Historic sites – significant for their association with historic event, activity or person. Ethnographic landscapes – contains natural and cultural resources associated with people. Designed landscapes – designed in a recognized style or tradition.  LANDSCAPE FABRIC 4. TOWNS & CITIES Most landscape design takes place within cities ‘ A landscape for human dwelling’ It is a dynamic system rather than fixed structures Forms and functions of a livable places  LANDSCAPE FABRIC 5. CITY DISTRICTS Landscape design with a setting that is influenced by history, land uses, communications, architecture, climate, topography, water and vegetation  LANDSCAPE FABRIC 6. URBAN GREENSPACE & COMMUNICATIONS Landscape design that take place within the context of: 1. urban greenspace planning 2. transport networks Design of all types of outdoor place - Public parks of different scales and types, public gardens, squares and streets. Outdoor place that offer recreational, social, cultural and environmental benefits to city dwellers. 6. URBAN GREENSPACE & COMMUNICATIONS E.g. Kuala Lumpur open space and recreational planning LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE PROFESSION A profession focused on arranging the effects of natural scenery over a given tract of land so as to produce the best aesthetic effect, considering the uses to which the tract is to be put. (Bartuska and Young, 1994) Landscape architecture concerns about the planning and design of land and water for use by society on the basis of an understanding of these systems. (Michael Laurie, 1986)  LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE Landscape design that is humanly made, arranged or maintained. 1. To fulfill human purpose, 2. To satisfy human needs, wants and values; and 3. To mediate the overall environment. The result affect its context in which they are placed (cities, regions and earth).  LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE PROFESSION Landscape Architecture is the art of design, planning or management of the land, arrangement of natural and manmade elements thereon through application of cultural and scientific knowledge, with concerns for resource conservation and stewardship, to the end that the resultant environment serves useful and enjoyable purposes. Landscape architecture encompasses the analysis, planning, design, management, and stewardship of the natural and built environments. http://www.asla.org LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE PROFESSION “Landscape Architecture” is a term coined by Frederick Law Olmstead Sr (1858). He is the “Father of American Landscape Architecture”. In 1863, official use of the designation ‘Landscape Architect’ by New York’s park commissioners marked the symbolic genesis of landscape architecture as a modern design profession. LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE PROFESSION Olmstead planned: City parks Urban open space system City and traffic patterns University campuses private estates Landscape Architecture programme at Harvard – 1901 City planning - 1907 DEVELOPMENT OF LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE IN MALAYSIA EARLY LANDSCAPES OF THE MALAYS The development of landscape architecture can be traced back since the Malay sultanate period through historical notes, poems, pantun and old folk stories. The existence of Malay gardens was noted in books such as Tajul Muluk describing the concept of Malay gardens. Malay gardens characteristics: -Were built in castle compounds – gardens of the royals. -Gardens for the bangsawan (privileged citizens) -Privately owned However, at the same time, villagers (commoners) practiced landscape in their village environment. They plant fruit trees and herb gardens in their house’s compounds e.g. tapioca, yam, areca cathecu , pandanus, gingerberacea. -To mark the boundary of their houses, villagers plant fruit trees, as well as palm trees.  LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE PROFESSION IN MALAYSIA COLONIALISM PERIOD Colonialism has changed the local landscape especially in terms of garden design. The rural environment was influenced by agricultural landscape e.g. estate of Kelly’s Castle (1909). The urban environment was marked by the introduction of gardens concept influenced by the British, e.g. Lake gardens (Kuala Lumpur and Taiping), Botanical gardens and Hill resorts (Cameron and Frasers Hill) and Templer Park.  LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE PROFESSION IN MALAYSIA PERIOD AFTER INDEPENDENCE ·Environmental issues were prevalent that required measures to be taken to overcome the problems. ·Dewan Bandaraya Kuala Lumpur (DBKL) introduced Jabatan Taman dan Rekreasi in order to bring greenery back to the city. It was the first local authority that introduced this department. ·Professional body for landscape architecture in Malaysia was introduced in 1981 – ALAM (Angkatan Landskap Arkitek Malaysia). ·ALAM was changed to ILAM (Institut Landskap Arkitek Malaysia) in 1987. ·In 1996, Jabatan Landskap Negara was introduced under the Ministry of Housing and Local Government to monitor the landscape development.