L11 - How Does the Immune System Work? PDF

How does the immune Saturday 4 Ja nuary 2025 system work? 1 What type of pathogen causes Malaria malaria? 2 How do some bacteria damage Produce toxins...

How does the immune Saturday 4 Ja nuary 2025 system work? 1 What type of pathogen causes Malaria malaria? 2 How do some bacteria damage Produce toxins tissues? 3 What is the main barrier to infection Stomach acid destroys in the digestive system? pathogens 4 Antibiotics do not work on Why are viruses hard to destroy? viruses 5 What three factors are needed for Physical, mental and social well “good health?” being CHALLENGE: Describe the defences the body has to stop pathogens entering the Activating prior knowledge:  Activation & check of prior knowledge: Some students discuss how our body fights pathogens. 1. Who do you agree with? 2. Who do you disagree with, and why? Georgia: The only way to protect ourselves Kyle: We can either stop against pathogens is to stop them getting into pathogens entering our our bodies bodies or we can destroy them once they are in Harvey: Not all pathogens carry diseases. Jasmine: Our bodies must destroy all microorganisms Isaac: Some microorganisms can help us that we come into contact fight against pathogens with, or they will make us ill CHALLENGE: Explain why you agree or disagree with each person Phagocytosis engulf digest  1. What type of specialist 4. digest means… cell is involved in the a) to chase something immune system b) to surround and take in a) white blood cell something b) red blood cell c) to break down c) differentiated cells something d) blood plasma 5. Phagocytosis is the 2. The order of _____ way white blood phagocytosis is… cells defend against a) engulf then digest pathogens pathogen a) only b) digest then engulf b) one way pathogen 3. Engulf means… a) to chase something b) to surround and take in something CHALLENGE: Write one sentence describing what phagocytosis is. Antigens – markers on a Antibodies – match a Antibodies – bind to antigens –  Task 1: copy and complete Task 2: quick questions 1. Where are antigens Pathogens have specific gen founds 1 s a) on white blood cells anti______ on their surface b) on pathogens 2 Some white blood cells can 2. Where are antibodies produce matching bodie produced anti______. s a) from white blood cells The anti_______ bodie bind to the 3 b) from pathogens anti____ gens and destroy the s pathogen 3. One antibody works on a) all pathogens b) most pathogens c) specific pathogens CHALLENGE: Explain what it means to say “phagocytosis is non-specific but Antitoxins – cancel out bacterial  How does the immune system work? The statements are about the immune system. 1) Producing anti-toxins will defend against bacterial but not viral infections TRU 2) Anti-bodies can only be produced to target E bacteria FAL 3) Anti-toxins can work on both bacteria and SE viruses FAL 4) Antibodies will defend against bacterial or viral infections SE TRU 5) It can be a few days after first infection when E TRU the body starts making the correct antibody E CHALLENGE: Vaccinations infect a “dead or deactivated” pathogen into the body which has its antigens on its surface. How might this help fight future infection? Covid-19 was caused by a virus. What type of white blood cell defence could help destroy the infection? 1) Phagocytosis, antibody 2) Phagocytosis and antibody production and antitoxin production production. (all three) 3) Phagocytosis and antitoxin 4) antibody and antitoxin production production  Engulf & White Blood Digest Pathogens Cells Produce antibodies Produce antitoxins  Complete first: Complete once checked blue box The human body's immune system helps answers: 1. How does the immunes system defend us against disease. (if / before) help resist disease? a pathogen enters the body the immune Destroys pathogens that enter system helps (block / destroy) the 2. What type of specialist immune the body pathogen. (white / red) blood cells are cells destroy pathogens? (undifferentiated / specialist) cells White blood cells that allow the immune system to defend 3. Immune system: What is against pathogens. Different types of phagocytosis? When a white blood cell white blood cells attack pathogens in ingests and digests a different ways. pathogen Some white blood cells can engulf 4. How Binddotoantibodies antigens help on afight (take in) pathogens and digest them. infection? pathogen and destroy it This is called (phagocytosis / specialisation). Produce (antibodies / antigens) Phagocytosis, 5. Name three waysproducing white blood cells which target to (antigens / antibodies, fight producing anti- infection? antibodies) on (a specific / all) toxins bacteria or virus(es) and destroy them CHALLENGE: Suggest Produce anti-toxins which cancel out How does the immune system work? Salmonella bacteria have found their way White blood cells in the immune into James body and are making him feel system work in three ways sick. Phagocytosis, producing antibodies, producing anti-toxins Explain how his immune system can Phagocytosis is when large white defend him against the infection: blood cells engulf and digest the Answer in bullet points using the salmonella bacteria questions as prompts White blood cells can produce antitoxis which cancel out the What are the three ways white blood cells toxins produced by the bacteria work? Making James feel better How does phagocytosis protect James? White blood cells start producing specific antibodies to salmonella. How does antitoxin production make The antibodies bind to antigens James start to feel better? and destroy the pathogen How does antibody production help fight Independent Practice