Organic Chemistry Concepts PDF
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This document provides an overview of fundamental organic chemistry concepts. It details various classes of organic compounds, including hydrocarbons, functional groups, and stereoisomers. The document also incorporates aspects of stereochemistry and briefly discusses biochemical processes like catabolism and anabolism.
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**Hydrocarbons** - contain only carbon and hydrogen. **Heteroatoms** - C and H found in organic compounds. **Functional Groups** - C combines with other atoms to form characteristics structural units **Alkanes** - described as saturated hydrocarbons **Cycloalkanes** -saturated cyclic hydrocarbon...
**Hydrocarbons** - contain only carbon and hydrogen. **Heteroatoms** - C and H found in organic compounds. **Functional Groups** - C combines with other atoms to form characteristics structural units **Alkanes** - described as saturated hydrocarbons **Cycloalkanes** -saturated cyclic hydrocarbons **Isomerism**- is possible in substituted cycloalkanes **Stereoisomers** - atoms connected in the same order but differ in three dimensional orientation.. **Stereochemistry** - used to refer to the three-dimensional aspects. **Alkene**- called olefin carbon-Carbon double bond. **Alkyne**- C-C triple bond. **Organohalides**- contain one or more halogen atoms. **Aromatic**- contain six membered benzene like rings with three double bonds. **Arenes** - Alkyl substituted benzenes. **Thiols**- are called mercaptans, are sulfur analogs of alcohols. **Sulfides**- sulfur analogs of ethers. **Aldehydes** - changing the terminal -e into -al. **Ketones** - -e to -one. **Carboxylic acids** - RCO2H, occupy a a central place among carbonyl compounds. **Nitrites**- compound containing -C≡N functional group. **Amines** - Organic derivatives of ammonia. Heterocyclic amines- compounds in which the nitrogen atom occurs as part of a ring **Carbohydrate**- used to refer loosely to the broad class to polyhydroxylated aldehydes and ketones commonly called sugars. **Amino acids**- as their name implies, are difunctional, contain both a basic amino group and an acidic carboxyl group. **Lipids** - naturally occurring organic molecules. **Metabolism**- reactions that go on in the cells of living organisms. **Catabolism**- pathway larger molecules into smaller ones. **Anabolism** - synthesize larger molecules from smaller ones.
