Organic Chemistry Notes PDF

## محاضرة ### التاريخ : 1 ### الموضوع : @atoms inorganic.com-Pound ak divided to... - **Primary Carbon (1° carbon)**: - its direckly attached to one C atom. - **Secandary carbon (2° carbon)**: - its direckly attached to two C atoms. - **Tertiary carbon (3° carbon)**: - its dire...

## محاضرة ### التاريخ : 1 ### الموضوع : @atoms inorganic.com-Pound ak divided to... - **Primary Carbon (1° carbon)**: - its direckly attached to one C atom. - **Secandary carbon (2° carbon)**: - its direckly attached to two C atoms. - **Tertiary carbon (3° carbon)**: - its direcktly attached to three C atoms. - **Quatermavy carbon (4° Carbon):** - its direcktly attached to four Catoms. - **ex:** ``` H CH3 CH3-CH2-C-CH2-C-CH3 CH₃ CH₃ ``` ### A Functianal group:- An atom or group of atoms determines the chemical behaviour of organic Compound/ex: CCH₂CH/CH3CH2(OH) ## محاضرة ### التاريخ / / ### الموضوع : #organic.com Pound S........ Can be Subdivided according to [Functiona Lgp) to ③ types:. The Pactive Part of molecule: 1-Hydro carpons-composed of (o\H). only Type | General Structure | Fungtional ------- | -------- | -------- Alkanes | R-H | notexit Alkenes | C=C | C=C Alkynes | -C≡C- | C≡C Aromatiac | R | ### Compounds: | | | ------- | -------- | -------- | | المركبات العطرية | | | | Pheng L group CNB| | ## محاضرة ### التاريخ: ### الموضوع : 2-compounds containing C-2O-bord type | General Structure | Functional of ------- | -------- | -------- ALKYLhalide | R-X/X | -XChalgon.jp) Alcohol | R-OH | -H(Thyrokgap) Ether | R-o-R | altoxyge Amine | R-NHOR/R\>NH/ | -NAHL/NH/-N Thiol | R-SH | -SH (Mercaptool Sulfide | R-S-R | SPALKYL thiol op ## محاضرة ### التاريخ: ### الموضوع : 3-Compounds containing (C= 0) gp.. type | General Structure | Functiona LDP ------- | -------- | -------- Alde hyde | R-E-H | -C-HCParmy Lopij ketone | R--R | --(Carbomy.gp) Carboxyli acid | R-Co-OH | --HOPRO Ester: | R-Co-OR | --ORCesterop Amide | R-C-NH2/R\>NH/R | -- Camide gp Acid thin chloride | R-C-CL | || || C-CL | || || C-CL ## محاضرة Alkanes ### التاريخ : 2 ### الموضوع : CR-H)/General Formula CCHY/ | Cn Hantz | Nomenclature | Like | ------- | -------- s | Common Like: Formic acid | من النملة | | TUPAC | International | anion of Puic | and applied | Chemistry ## محاضرة ### التاريخ: ### الموضوع : IUPAC Nomenclature OF ALkanes Aunblanched-chein alkanes!! no. of atoms: 1 | methane (CHY))) ------- | -------- 2 | ethane (C2H6) 3 | Propane (C3H8) 4 | butane (C4H80) 5 | Pentane CCSH22) 6 | hexane (CoHay) 7 | heptame (GHA 8 | octane CC8H18) 9 | honaneeg Ha 10 | dexane CC2 ## Nomenclature ### التاريخ: ### الموضوع : #blanched-chain alkanes. ①: Find the Parent ⓒ Chain ``` CH3-CH2-CH2-CHCH3 CH2CH3 ``` 2 Number the atoms in the carbon Chain: ``` 2 1 CH3CH2-CH2-CH-CH3 CH₃ ``` لوا تنفق عدد الأكربونات الكرابين قبل التفرع ترتب على حسب التقر الثاني ## محاضرة ### التاريخ: ### الموضوع : ③ Name and number the substlients alkyl groups IntentI ``` CH3 C43 سے CH CHI CH3 -CH-CH- •CH3-CH-CH2-CH2-CHA-CH 6 Э CH2.. 1 CH₃ octane 5-ethyl-2,6-dimethyl m ``` ## محاضرة ### التاريخ: ### الموضوع : ``` 2 1 10 CH3-CH- isopropyl 了 CH₃ 1-methyl ethyl 2 1 CH3-CH-CH2 isobutyl CH₃ 2-methyl Propyl T.2.2 CH3-CH2-CH- Selbutyl A 17 Ao 1-methyl Propyl CH ? 4:CH3-Catert:bりますし 2H)... 1,1 dimethylethyl ``` ## محاضرة ### التاريخ: ### الموضوع : ``` CH3 1 25 CH3-C-CH2 e ㅋ CH3 12ovie. Pentyl 2,2 di methyl Propyl CH3-CH2-CH-CH. 4 31 1 CH3 2,3-dimethyl Pentane ملحوظة : ... CH3CH(CH3)=CH2 (CH3)3 CH₃ ✓ - CH3 CH3 CH-CH2-C-CH₃ CH CA CH₃ CH3 CH JAX ``` ## محاضرة ### التاريخ | ### الموضوع ``` CHZ CH2-CH2-CH2 51 4 CH3CH-CH2-CH CH-CH131 あ 2.3 ISO PIGRYL CH3 4-isopropyl 2 methyl heptane ACH CH₃P CH3 CH2 CH CH3 ``` ## محاضرة ### التاريخ: ### الموضوع : → common names... ``` 2C4H2O. CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3 ✓ n-butane isoqLL. the atoms Form →Continous (Straight) Chain except one © atom attached. - to the atom next to the terminal ``` ## محاضرة ### التاريخ: ### الموضوع : Common names:- ``` C5 H2O CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-C A n-pentane CH CH3-C-CH2-CH3 1 isopentane CH3 CH₃ CH3-C- C-CH3 1 ✓ CH3 neo pentance ``` ## محاضرة ### التاريخ: ### الموضوع : ``` CH 4 CHI 13 1270 ---2-2-3 3-5-5-3-3-3 CH-CH3 C+13 CH3 6-isopropyL-33,7 trimethyl decane. Alkyl halides R-X > halogen CF/CL/BY/I) > alkyl JP. function gp. is (-x) ``` ## محاضرة ### التاريخ: ### الموضوع : Can be divided to Primaky alkyl halides | Secandaly alkyl halides | tertiary) alkyL hatides ------- | -------- | -------- CH₂CH₂ CL... | CH3CH+CL. | halves in which the. | Jeijel | CH Carbon atom: | | CB-C-CLテラ | | which carries the | two C atoms | thref halogen atomis | banded one Oatum, | Carbon atoms | ## محاضرة ### التاريخ: ### الموضوع: #Common namenclature Are named as alkyl halides CL | Chloride ------- | -------- Br | blomide I | jodide F | Fluoride 1-CH₃ CL | methyl chloride 2-CH3CH2CL | ethyl Chloride 3-CH3CH2CH2Br | n-Propyl bromide 4-CH3 CH-Br | isopropyl bromide | CH3 | CH3 5-CH3-C-I | tert-buty Liodide | CH3 ## محاضرة ### التاريخ: ### الموضوع : → IUPAC namenclature.. Are named as haloalkanes CL | Chloro ------- | -------- Br | bramotoN17-1 I | jodo F | Fluoro 1-CH3CL | Chloro methane 2-CH3CH2CL | Chloroethane 3+ CH3CH2CH2Br | 1-bromo propane 3 2 4-CH3 CH-BT | 2-60mo propene ₂CH₂ 3 5-CH3-372-jodo-2-methyl | 1CH. | Plopane ## محاضرة ### التاريخ: ### الموضوع : M | CH3 | 1 (CH3-C=CH2-CH-CH-CH2CH3 | | Br | F Aold 2-bromo-4-Fluoro - 2,5-Dimethyl heptane Alkenes ) Aun Salitated → ## محاضرة ### التاريخ: ### الموضوع: غیر مسیح Alkenes Aun Saturated hydro carbons #contain at least one CC=C) Function gp. is (C=C) #General Formule is (CnHan) ☆IUPAC nomenclature. 1-CH2=CH₂ | ethene ------- | -------- 2-CH3CH=CH2 | propene 3 | 3-CH₃ H₂H=CH- | 1-butene 1 Y-CH3CH=CH-CH₃ | 2-butene ## محاضرة ### التاريخ: ### الموضوع : CH3CH=CH-CH2-C(CH₃)₂ CH3CH=CH-CH2-C-CH3 CH> 5,5-Dimethyl-2-hexene 1 CA3 3 4 =CH-CH₃ CH3C = 2-methyl-2-butene عندما تتساوى البدايات من ناحية ترتي على أساس التفرع (double bond). ## محاضرة ### التاريخ ### الموضوع : Alkenes #Alkenty L groups: AlkaneH | ALKYL 9. You p ------- | -------- Alkene - H | Alkenyl group 3 21 2 توموضوع : CH2=CH-CH=CH2=CH-.. C-N CN allyl gp. Viny LIP. C I-N? 2-P6Penyl: • EthengL H CH ## محاضرة ### التاريخ: ### الموضوع : Common namesi IUPAC- | ene. Sue JA ------- | -------- Common | ylene Like 乳 → CH2=CH2 | ethylene ------- | -------- CH3CH=CH2 | Propylene #Write the structure of.. 5-methyl-1-bexene ``` H H H H H H | | | | | | H - C - C - C = C - C = H | | | | | | H CH3 H H H H ```