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Questions and Answers
What defines saturated hydrocarbons?
What defines saturated hydrocarbons?
Which functional group is represented by the formula RCO2H?
Which functional group is represented by the formula RCO2H?
What does isomerism in substituted cycloalkanes refer to?
What does isomerism in substituted cycloalkanes refer to?
What are aromatic compounds primarily characterized by?
What are aromatic compounds primarily characterized by?
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Which of the following statements about amino acids is correct?
Which of the following statements about amino acids is correct?
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Study Notes
Hydrocarbons
- Contain only carbon and hydrogen
- Heteroatoms: C and H in organic compounds
- Functional groups: C combines with other atoms to form characteristics structural units
Functional Groups
- Alkanes (saturated hydrocarbons)
- Cycloalkanes (saturated cyclic hydrocarbons)
- Isomers: possible in substituted cycloalkanes (same order, different 3D structure)
- Stereoisomers: atoms connected in the same order but differ in three dimensional orientation
- Stereochemistry: used to refer to the three-dimensional aspects.
- Alkene: carbon-carbon double bond (called olefin)
- Alkyne: carbon-carbon triple bond
- Organohalides: contain one or more halogen atoms
- Aromatic: six-membered benzene rings with three double bonds
- Arenes: alkyl substituted benzenes
- Thiols: sulfur analogs of alcohols (called mercaptans)
- Sulfides: sulfur analogs of ethers
- Aldehydes: changing the terminal -e to -al
- Ketones: changing the terminal -e to -one
Carboxylic Acids, Nitriles, Amines
- Carboxylic acids: RCO₂H. Occupy a central place among carbonyl compounds
- Nitriles: compounds containing -C≡N
- Amines: organic derivatives of ammonia, heterocyclic amines contain nitrogen in a ring
Carbohydrates
- Broad class of polyhydroxylated aldehydes and ketones; often called sugars
Amino Acids
- Difunctional (basic amino group and acidic carboxyl group)
Lipids
- Naturally occurring organic molecules
Metabolism
- Reactions in cells of living organisms
- Catabolism: breaking down larger molecules into smaller ones
- Anabolism: synthesizing larger molecules from smaller ones
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Description
Test your knowledge on hydrocarbons and their various functional groups. This quiz covers topics like alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, and more, detailing their structures and characteristics. Perfect for students studying organic chemistry.
