KINE 2850 Structural Kinesiology - Lecture 2

KINE 2850 Structural Kinesiology - Lecture 2

• Hip Joint and Pelvic Girdle: The pelvic girdle connects the lower limbs to the trunk, supporting the trunk's weight.
• Stability: The hip joint is stable, with 3 degrees of freedom, and less mobile than the shoulder.
• Muscle Activation: Muscle activation in the lower extremity follows a proximal-to-distal sequence, starting at the hip and progressing to the knee and ankle.
• Hip Joint Movements: Includes flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, inward rotation, and outward rotation. Diagrams illustrate these motions.

Bones of the Pelvic Girdle and Hip Joint

• Pelvic girdle bones include the ilium, ischium, pubis, sacrum, and coccyx.
• The femur is the longest and strongest bone in the body.
• Diagrams of pelvic girdle and hip joint illustrate the bones and their relationships.

Anatomical Landmarks:

• Identifies key anatomical landmarks on the pelvic girdle and hip joint, including the iliac crest, anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS), posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS), ischial spine, ischial tuberosity, and acetabulum.

Pelvic Structure:

• Pubic Symphysis: A fused joint, relatively stable but widening during childbirth.
• Sacroiliac Joint: A fused joint that transmits weight from the trunk to the hips and dissipates impact during movement (walking, running, or landing).

Hip Joint Ligaments

• Iliofemoral, Pubofemoral, and Ischiofemoral ligaments: Support and strengthen the hip joint.
• Ligamentum Teres: Also known as the round ligament, provides stability to the femoral head.
• Sacrotuberous and Sacrospinous ligaments support parts of the pelvic girdle.
• Inguinal ligament: Supports the groin region.

Muscles of the Hip:

• Classification: Muscles are categorized as biarticular (crossing two joints) or uniarticular (crossing one joint).
• Hip Flexors: Iliacus, Psoas, Rectus femoris, Sartorius, Pectineus, and Tensor fascia latae.
• Hip Extensors: Gluteus maximus, biceps femoris (long head), semimembranosus, and semitendinosus.
• Hip Abductors: Gluteus minimus and Gluteus medius.
• Hip Adductors: Adductor magnus, Adductor longus, Pectineus, Gracilis, and Adductor brevis.
• Hip External Rotators: Piriformis, Quadratus femoris, Obturator internus, Obturator externus, Superior gemellus, and Inferior gemellus.
• Hip Internal Rotators: Gracilis, Semimembranosus, and Semitendinosus.

Clinical Application

• Hip Fractures: Common in elderly adults, often result from falls, exacerbated by osteoporosis.
• Femoral Neck Fracture: A common type of hip fracture.
• Surgical Repair: Surgical repair significantly improves mobility and quality of life.

Challenger Questions

• Phases of Squat: Describes the lowering and lifting (positive) phases of a squat.
• Explores the types of muscle contractions (agonistic and antagonistic muscle groups) involved during both the lowering and lifting phases, and the relevant movements.
• Videos of hip movements: Provides video links for additional learning about internal/external rotation, abduction/adduction, flexion/extension.