KIN 1010 - Week 3 Lecture 1 PDF

Drugs, opioids, & marijuana  Agenda Addictive behaviours and risk factors Alcohol absorption and metabolism of alcohol Opioids and marijuana Tobacco use and nicotine addiction Health effects of alcohol, tobacco and other drugs Population health/policy ap...

Drugs, opioids, & marijuana  Agenda Addictive behaviours and risk factors Alcohol absorption and metabolism of alcohol Opioids and marijuana Tobacco use and nicotine addiction Health effects of alcohol, tobacco and other drugs Population health/policy approaches to reducing harms In the news…  Addiction Videos http://www.cbc.ca/2017/wearecanada/dan- werb-is-on-a-mission-to-change-how-we- think-about-drug-addiction-1.4077259 https://torontolife.com/city/crime/doctor- perfect-life-got-hooked-fentanyl/  What is addiction? use despite craving loss of control compulsion to consequences use Just a Characteristics habit? Addiction of addicts? no compulsion reinforcement no need to increase dose loss of control escalation negative consequences http://www.camh.ca/en/hospital/health_information/a_z_mental_health_and_addiction_information/drug-use- addiction/Pages/addiction.aspx  Risk and protective factors for addiction https://d14rmgtrwzf5a.cloudfront.net/sites/default/files/soa_2014.pdf  Neurophysiology of addiction 1) Limbic system (controls emotions) 2) Reward system Reward pathway of the brain: ventral tegmental area (VTA) – neurons contain dopamine – dopamine released in nucleus accumbens and prefrontal cortex nucleus accumbens prefrontal cortex https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/teaching-packets/neurobiology-drug-addiction/section-ii-reward-pathway-addiction/3-reward-pathway  Effects of drugs on our bodies 1. Brain chemistry- neurotransmitters and receptors  Effects of drugs on our bodies 2. Drug factors dose-response time-action tolerance method of administration colourbox images http://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/clinical_pharmacology/pharmacodynamics/dose-response_relationships.html  Effects of drugs on our bodies 3. Individual factors estrogen regulates cannabinoid receptors? Br J Pharmacol. Jun 2010; 160(3): 544–548.  prefrontal cortex https://d14rmgtrwzf5a.cloudfront.net/sites/default/files/soa_2014.pdf  Harm reduction “Policies, programs and practices that aim to reduce the harms associated with the use of psychoactive drugs in people unable or unwilling to stop. - HARM REDUCTION INTERNATIONAL Examples: helping people learn safer ways to use substance helping people learn how to recognize the signs of an overdose providing clean needles and other injection equipment (“works”) for injection drug use (to reduce transmission of infections such as HIV/AIDS and hepatitis C through needle sharing) substituting a safer drug for the one a person is using (e.g., substituting methadone for heroin) http://globalnews.ca/news/2099947/evolve-festival-drops-plans-to-test-quality-of-attendees- drugs/ https://d14rmgtrwzf5a.cloudfront.net/sites/default/files/soa_2014.pdf https://d14rmgtrwzf5a.cloudfront.net/sites/default/files/soa_2014.pdf http://www.hqontario.ca/Portals/0/documents/system-performance/infographic-9-million-prescriptions-en.pdf Source: https://www.cihi.ca/en/13-canadians-hospitalized-each-day-for-opioid-poisoning-infographic  Marijuana https://globalnews.ca/t ag/marijuana- legalization/  Medical Marijuana https://globalnews.ca/t ag/medical-marijuana/  Marijuana Source: https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/research-reports/marijuana/how-does-marijuana-produce-its- effects  Lower risk cannabis use guidelines Source: https://www.cpha.ca/lower-risk-cannabis-use-guidelines-canada  Canada’s Legislative Framework Legalization and Regulation of Cannabis https://globalnews.ca/news/4285946/marijua na-legal-date-october-17-canada-trudeau- confirms/ https://www.ontario.ca/page/cannabis- legalization  CBD or THC https://youtu.be/qVFmsEf5dnM  Taxing the drug could generate $5 -$22 million annually… http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/09/19/pot-could-be-tax-windfall_0_n_1897910.html  Acute neurophysiology effects 1. Marijuana 2. Meth 3. Ecstasy 4. LSD (hallucinogen) http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/addiction/mouse/ image- colourbox  Chronic health effects https://d14rmgtrwzf5a.cloudfront.net/sites/default/files/soa_2014.pdf Amygdala- involved in emotional learning, generation of fear Hippocampus- memory A A H H (Psychosis)  Chronic health effects: marijuana carcinogenic – oral cancers, esophagus, leukemia, testicular impair immunity, decrease resistance to infection chronic bronchitis possibly lowers testosterone and sperm production, disrupts ovulation Lancet 1998; 352: 1611–16 Alcohol. 2005 Apr;35(3):265-75.