Key Notes-Unit 3 Lesson 2 Emergence of Bani Yas and Qawasim PDF

MSCS- Annual Examination - Key Notes Unit 3- Lesson 2 Emergence of Bani Yas and Qawasim and the Beginnings of Colonial Period. Major Events ❖ 1498 CE- 1650 CE- Portuguese in Arabian Gulf and Indian Ocean. ❖ 1600 CE- 1800 CE- Resistance & Revival Of Qawasim, Bani Ya...

MSCS- Annual Examination - Key Notes Unit 3- Lesson 2 Emergence of Bani Yas and Qawasim and the Beginnings of Colonial Period. Major Events ❖ 1498 CE- 1650 CE- Portuguese in Arabian Gulf and Indian Ocean. ❖ 1600 CE- 1800 CE- Resistance & Revival Of Qawasim, Bani Yas and other towns. ❖ 1620 CE- 1761 CE- The Dutch in the Gulf. ❖ 1718 CE - 1760 CE- Sheikh Rahma Bin Matar AI-Qasimi ( Growth of Ras Al- Khaimah) ❖ 1750 CE- 1820 CE- British Arrival ❖ 1761 CE- Al Nahyan and the Bani Yas move to Abu Dhabi THE PORTUGUESE EMPIRE AND THE ARABIAN SEAS 1500-1620 The Ottoman Empire dominated the Mediterranean and a large part of western Asia. European began exploring and expanding through maritime empires and colonies. In 1497, Vasco Da Gama, the first European sailor complete a voyage between Western Europe and India. Then the Portuguese begin controlling areas of South Asia and Arabian Gulf. THE PORTUGUESE AND THE UAE Soon after the controlling of the Arabian Gulf, the Portuguese naval commander Afonso de Albuquerque attacked Oman and turned the attention to UAE. After the Portuguese landed in Khor Fakkan, they seized the town and took everything. In De Albuquerque's chronicle, Khor Fakkan is said to have had good houses. HORMUZ AND THE PORTUGUESE IN THE ARABIAN GULF The Portuguese wanted to control part of the UAE. It was not easy for the Portuguese to capturing Hormuz (Island in a Persian Gulf). Eventually Hormuz became under the control of Portuguese. Once Afonso de Albuquerque return to India, the Kingdom of Hornuz, with support from people on the east coast of the UAE, revolted against the invaders. The Portuguese put the revolt down.  They attempted to control parts of the UAE more directly by establishing forts at Kolbo, Dibba, Bidya and Khor Fakkan. Others were built later at Julfar and at Khasab, in the Musandam peninsula, north of Ra's al-Khaimah. The map-maker, Pedro Barreto de Resende, writes that the water in Khor Fakkan ( city in UAE) is the 'best in all of Arabia'. The existence of large villages with mudbrick buildings surrounded by date-palm gardens and wells. The picture is of a prosperous society. The Dutch in the Gulf During the Dutch period (1760), Arabian Gulf-based merchants and shipping traded long distances across the Indian Ocean. Arab trade ships of various sizes made the regular voyage between Basra, Bahrain Ras al- Khaimah, Muscat, and to the Indian trade ports of Cochin. The end of the Dutch period in the 1960s also seems to be a high water mark for Arab commercial seamen. From the 1780s onward, British presence and internal developments in Arabia responded to these changed conditions. British Arrival After 1763 the British became the most powerful for empower after the withdraw of the Dutch from the gulf region in 1765. The British used their sea power to attack and limit local shipping and development along the coast. In 1809 and again in 1819 they attacked and bombed port towers along the southern gulf, including Ras al-Khaima. THE TRIBAL ORIGINS OF THE MODERN UAE The Qawasim and the Bani Yas represent twin aspects of modern life in the UAE. The Bani Yas were familiar with the interior of the country and had strong desert roots, while also being involved in the offshore pearl fisheries. The Qawasim were merchants and Sailors who sailed the Arabian Gulf and Indian Ocean. The leader of each community, the sheikh, ruled in consultation with other members of his family and key individuals in the community. In times of war, the sheikh could call on his people to form a fighting force, whether with neighbours or with foreign powers. The UAE is a young country at 50 years old, but its system of government is much older. All the ruling families of the UAE can trace their origin to at least 18th century. Sheikh Rahma Bin Matar Al- Qasimi Sheikh Rahma founded the Al Qasimi dynasty. He is the most powerful among the Huwala (Iranian Arabs) rulers, having of his own people 400 well-armed with firearms in Zur (Ra's al-Khaimah).  In this place itself, there is a rather considerable trade as well of pearls diving. Dutch writers of the time note that he was one of the wealthiest merchants and ship- owners in the Arabian Qawasim ruled much of the northern areas of the UAE. They expanded their influence to include parts of the eastern coast of the UAE, including the important ports of Khor Fakkan and Dibba.