KasPil 1-1 PDF - Chapter 1 - Meaning and Relevance of History

Chapter 1 Leo Angelo M. de Castro, LPT Instructor Learning Outcomes Expose students to different facets of 1 Philippine History through the lens of eyewitnesses Analyze the selected readings contextually 2 and in terms of content (stated and implied) Understand a...

Chapter 1 Leo Angelo M. de Castro, LPT Instructor Learning Outcomes Expose students to different facets of 1 Philippine History through the lens of eyewitnesses Analyze the selected readings contextually 2 and in terms of content (stated and implied) Understand and appreciate our rich past by 3 deriving insights from those who were actually present at the time of the event; Learning Outcomes Create a comprehensive analysis on the 4 unresolved issues of the past and relating it to the present time Deepen students’ sense of nationalism and 5 patriotism.  If you want to understand today, you have to search yesterday. Pearl S. Buck Definition of History History is a field of study that examines the historical occurrences in people’s nations, and the world’s life; a study of the past. The word history is a translation of the Greek word “historia” which means throughout study.  Historians Historians are those who have studied history. They cite their sources properly when writing history so that researchers will be able to locate where their sources came from. It also demonstrates their diligence in accurately attributing the source of their material. Herodotus Herodotus of Halicarnassus is regarded as the Father of History; he was a compelling narrator who had a keen interest in local traditions. He wrote the book “The Histories”. Importance of History 1. History helps us develop a better understanding of the world. 2. History helps us to understand ourselves. 3. History helps us learn to understand other people. 4. History teaches a working understanding of change. 5. History gives us tools we needed to be decent citizens. 6. History makes us better decision-makers 7. History helps us develope a new level of appreciation for just about everything Historiography study of how historians construct history as a field of study, and thus, it includes all historical writings on a given topic. it is also the study of the way history has been and is written - the history of historical writing. A topic’s historiography describes the methods, sources, and theoretical frameworks that historians have used to study it. Distinction of Primary and Secondary Sources Primary Sources firsthand, contemporaneous descriptions of events that were written by people who lived during the time period or years later. They are the closest sources to the information’s source. They are raw data that needs to be interpreted by academics. Examples of Primary Sources Empirical scholarly Original documents Creative works works (i.e. research (i.e. diaries, Autobiography (i.e. songs, articles, manuscripts, poetry, video) dissertations, etc.) letters, etc) Reports, Artifacts, eyewitness relics, vintage accounts, items records Secondary Sources they frequently interpret or analyzes the main materials and are intimately tied to them. it is generally at least one step removed from the event and is often based on primary sources. These sources are records that relate to data that came from somewhere else. Examples of Secondary Sources Textbooks, Political Books that Journal dictionaries, commentary, interpret/analyze Articles encyclopedia newspaper editorial Biographies May Tertiary Sources po ba? Well, yes. A source that offers neither original information nor interpret it is a tertiary source. These are often summaries or compilations / lists directing readers to primary or secondary sources. Importance of Sources We need sources in order to have a first-hand account of history and a thorough comprehension of it from the viewpoint of the individuals who lived through it. Sources allows us to: a) make new discoveries b) expose students to multiple perspectives on great issues of the past and present Historical Sources they are authentic source that has a significant historical information; it may be an artifact or testimony about the past, and historians rely on it to paint a picture of the past.  Sources of History 1. Non-Written Sources 2. Written sources 3. Archeology 4. Linguistic 5. Etnography Non-Written Sources Also called as oral sources, these are sources that are passed down from generation to generation through oral communication but are not recorded in writing. These include oral traditions and oral testimonies. Oral traditions - poetry, ballads, dirges, hunting chants, songs. Traditions are passed down verbally. Oral testimonies - dissemination of knowledge about about a historical event by those who were present when it happened. Non-Written Sources However, non-written sources are often subject to falsification, distortion, owing to the person’s own self interest, addition and deletion of material, memory loss, lack of chronology and the usage of phrases like “once upon a time” and “in the beginning” among others. Written Sources Written sources are historical events that have been documented and passed down from one generation to another. One crucial method for preserving history is thru writing and recording them. Written materials are essential parts in reconstructing colonial and contemporary history because they outlive their authors. However, they may be lost, destroyed by water, war, insects, rodents, fire, or disasters. It may be altered according to the author’s wants, and may contain prejudice based on race or religion. Archaeology The study of historical artifacts that have been preserved. It reveals the tools people used in the past. It is also called dug-history. While mostly it cannot provide exact dates, a reasonable estimate may be done through Carbon-14 Dating. They might include skeletal fragments, pottery, cave writings, rock arts, ancient tools. Linguistic Study of language similarities, how various languages of various civilizations are studied; it helps us understand where we came from and how we spread. Ethnography study of an ethnic group or people’s way of life. It involves participant observation for learning. An ethnographer examines ethnic groups generates ethnographic findings. Reasons to use Historical Sources 1. You can support your claims about what life is like in the past using info from historical sources. 2. People can use them to see how bias might affect a source. 3. Compare various primary historical sources to learn opinions from individuals at the time. 4. Sources can verify the accuracy of someone’s historical statements. Advantages and Disadvantages of Historical Sources Advantages Disadvantages Historical sources Older historical sources cannot be changed. can be fragile, and have to altered, or be kept in museums, archives, or special paraphrased by collections. This means anyone else easily. It is that they are difficult to “straight from the access for ordinary people. horse’s mouth”. Advantages and Disadvantages of Historical Sources Advantages Disadvantages It provides evidences that It is difficult to identify if can be linked back to an the source is telling the original source or author - truth or not. It could be someone who was alive at true or untrue - leaving out the time of the event. This key pieces of information is more convincing rather to create a biased account, than guessing or making or may be based on unconfirmed claims. prejudice. Historical Criticism looks at the beginning if works to comprehend the “world behind the text”. Sources from the same era and event are frequently compared with a help from other sources to gain a deeper knowledge of how a particular piece is interacted with its surroundings when it was created. External Internal Criticism Criticism process of assessing the examination of the physical qualities of an item truthfulness of the evidence; of evidence, determining the it analyzes the source’s materials it was made from content and considers the in order to confirm its circumstances surrounding validity. its creation. it is also called heuristics. Hermeneutics “art of interpretation” or “study of interpretation”. It came from the Greek word hermeneuein meaning “to interpret”. Two types of hermeneutics: a) Hermeneutics of continuity b) Hermeneutics of rupture Assignment Answer page 15-18 on our book: Revisiting Readings in Philippine History. References Baes, A., Francisco, J. (2023). Revisiting Readings in Philippine History. Mindshapers Co. Inc.: Intramuros, Manila