Reformation Study Guide PDF

Study Guide: Reformation ​ What were the causes of the Reformation? ○​ Corruption within the Catholic Church ○​ The rise of Humanism ○​ Printing press being invented which caused the spread of ideas ○​ Luthers 95 Theses: 95 things wrong with the Catholic Church ​ Wh...

Study Guide: Reformation ​ What were the causes of the Reformation? ○​ Corruption within the Catholic Church ○​ The rise of Humanism ○​ Printing press being invented which caused the spread of ideas ○​ Luthers 95 Theses: 95 things wrong with the Catholic Church ​ Who was Martin Luther, Henry VIII, John Calvin, and John Knox? What did they believe, and/or what did they do? ○​ Martin Luther is a monk who challenged the Catholic Church with his 95 Theses, saying that faith alone can take you to heaven and that the bible has authority over the pope. ○​ Henry the VIII was the King of England who broke from the Catholic church in the 1530s, forming the Church of England ○​ John Calvin was a leading figure the the Protestant Reformation, promoting predestination(God has already decided who will be saved or damned). And creating Calvinism. ○​ John Knox was a Scottish minister who led the protestant reformation in Scotland and emphasized the authority of scripture and rejecting Catholic rituals. ​ What reforms did the Catholic church put in place after losing so many followers? ○​ Council of Trent: Clarified Catholic doctring, reformed church practices, and addressed corruption. ○​ Formation of the Jesuits (Society of Jesus): promoted education and missionary work ○​ Ended Sale of Indulgences (banned) ○​ Improved education and training for priests  Study Guide: Reformation ​ Know the following concepts: ○​ Indulgences: Payments made to the Catholic Church in exchange for reducing punishment for sins. ○​ Excommunication: The act of excluding somone from the Church ○​ Protestant: A Christian who seperated from the Roman Catholic Church during the Reformation, following new interpretations of Christianity ○​ Reformation: A religious movement that led to the creation of Protestant churches and reforms in the catholic church ○​ Counter-Reformation: The Catholic Churches response to the Reformation, aiming to reform itself and stop the spread of Protestantism ○​ Lutheranism: A branch of Protestant Christianity founded by Martin Luther, aiming to reform itself and stop the spread of Protestantism. ○​ Calvinism: A Protestant denomination based on John Calvins teachings, focusing on predestination and gods supreme athority. ○​ Presbyterians: A Protestant group influenced by Calvinism,governed by elders (prybysters) rather than bishops, emphasizing scripture based faith. ○​ Anabaptist: A Protestant sect that rejected infant baptism, believing only adults should be baptized when they professs faith. ○​ Jesuits: Members of the society of Jesus, a Catholic order focused on education, missionary work, and defending Catholicism ○​ Roman Inquisition: A Church court established to investigate and punish heresy, aiming to reinforce Catholic doctrine during the Counter-Reformation  Study Guide: Reformation ​ Writing Assignment: Identify how the Reformation affected each Aspect of Persia with specific examples. Look to the front of the room, above the white board and try and include a Fact, Description, and a Cause and Effect with EACH response: ​ P: The reformation led to the rise of national churches. This allowed rilers to control both religion and politics. ​ E: The Churches financial power was challenged with things like the banning of indulgences. Reformers critisized church wealth, wich made people stop giving the church money. This caused economic power to shift from the church to rulers. ​ R: The Reformation resulted in the creation of Protestantism, with Luther and Calvin challenging Catholic teachings. This split Christianity, leading to religoius conflicts but also promoting personal Bible interpretations. ​ S: The bible was seperated into many different languages, allowing different people to be able to read and interpret scripture. This caused teh clergy’s to not be important. ​ I: The Reformation rejected the popes authority and emphasized scripture as the ultimate source of truth. This intellectual shift caused religious freedom and made people interprate the word for themselfs. ​ A: The Reformation led to Protestants to reject religious rituals and art. Because of this the church formed things like the Council of Trent to bring these things back.