Merriman Teacher Notes 27 Summer 2023 PDF

# Putting Its House in Order Pope Pius IV declared war on luxury, ostentation in Rome. - Forced bishops living in Rome to move to the area they were responsible for. ## New Orders - **Capuchins** bring faith to sick. - **Ursulines** - **Vincent de Paul** - missionary work among the poor. ## RCC...

# Putting Its House in Order Pope Pius IV declared war on luxury, ostentation in Rome. - Forced bishops living in Rome to move to the area they were responsible for. ## New Orders - **Capuchins** bring faith to sick. - **Ursulines** - **Vincent de Paul** - missionary work among the poor. ## RCC produced catechisms - Cult of Virgin Mary more popular. ## The Role of Women **Protestant and Catholic Clergy tried to stop superstitions and magic**. This led to struggles between religious authority, state authority and people in the community. **RCC tried to suppress some popular festivals, return to control of Clergy by imposing religious purpose**. **Protestants** also saw popular festivals as immoral. 1559 Pieter Bruegel the Elder "Combat Between Carnival and Lent" - got rid of Carnival (RCC kept it). ## Social and political elites began to police themselves (civil duty, decorum, manners). - Separate from popular beliefs/customs (barbanism, savage). - Books on etiquette and politeness. ## Culture During the Two Reformations - Printing Press, economic expansion, commerce, trade, exploration. ## Print Culture Printing press helped expand Reformation - **Luther's works** spread far and wide (1 million copies by 1520s). - Luther translated Bible into German. - 50 printings in a year. - Luther wrote 450 treatises, gave 3000 sermons, humerus hymns. - Directed to average person, not academics. - Most printing in German states in vernacular - Lay culture. - Woodcut illustrations and broadsheets with images for illiterate. ## Lay Education and Reading - Reaffirmed authority of Pope and Bishops - Educational opportunities = ↑ Literacy - 7 Sacraments - Presence of Christ in Communion - Opposed marriage for clergy - Reaffirmed Purgatory & indulgences - Set up Seminaries - ↑ Critical spirit among students - Scholars - # Universities ↑ 1550 -1600 - Protestants emphasized importance of ready Bible for self-control, wheat to better train clergy - Priests to keep registers of baptisms, births, deaths - ↑ Literacy - Public libraries!!! Read, read, read. ## Reformation **Protestants:** - Women saved just like men. - Women should read the Bible. - Women subordinate to men. - Women could not be ministers or hold church offices. - Women's main role to get married and have kids. **Pastors** marrying did elevate the role of family. Slightly accepted divorce for adultery, impotence, abandonment (Henry VIII) **RCC:** - Women could have prominence, status, leadership in convent. - Ideal of female chastity - Sin and had to be controlled.