Summary

This document appears to be notes or a study guide on Jainism and Buddhism, covering topics like the origins, key figures, and philosophies of both traditions. It also seems to include some discussion of important events and terms related to these faiths.

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C JAINISM AND BUDDHISM SS R A RM PA Causes of Origin: Brahminical domination: Brahmin domination; Ritual sacrifices Agricultural economy: Trade impacted due to ritualistic sacrifices Use of punch marked coins: coins started Trade Vaishyas Jainism and Buddhism did not atta...

C JAINISM AND BUDDHISM SS R A RM PA Causes of Origin: Brahminical domination: Brahmin domination; Ritual sacrifices Agricultural economy: Trade impacted due to ritualistic sacrifices Use of punch marked coins: coins started Trade Vaishyas Jainism and Buddhism did not attach any importance to existing Varna system: people C equally treated Believed: Varnas on basis of SS occupation not by birth Belief in Non-violence: both religion believed in Ahimsa Mahavir and Buddha were: Kshatriya R A RM PA Great Teachers: Tirthankar Total: 24 Birth Place; Represented by 1st: Rishabh Dev : Ayodhya; Bull 23rd: Parshavnath : Varanasi; Serpent 24th: Vardhaman Mahavir (main founder) : Lion In Vedas only two Tirthankars mentioned: 1st: Rishabha 22nd: Aristanemi Vardhaman Mahavir C Birth: 540 BC (approx.); Kundagram ( Vaishali; Bihar) Death: 468 BC; Pavapuri (Biharsharif; Bihar) SS 72 yrs Moksh Father: Siddhartha (Clan: Janathrika Kshatriya) Mother: Trishala Wife: Yashoda R Daughter: Anojja Priyadarshana Jamali (husband) 1st disciple of Mahavir A Left home at: 30 yrs Manali Gosali (Ajivika Sect) Enlightenment: 42 yrs; under a Sal tree at Jambhikagrama Kevalin; Perfectly learned RM Kaivalya River: Rijjupalika 1st sermon: Pava Jitendriya Basadis (meaning): Jain Monasteries Jain Philosophy PA Moksha 3 Principles K: Right knowledge (Samyaka Jnana) F: Right faith (Samyaka Darshana) C: Right conduct (Samyaka Charitra) 5 Principles of Living (Vows) Anuvratas Ahimsa: non-violence Satya: only speak the truth Asteya: do not steal Brahma-charya: sexually monogamous Aparigraha: detach from material things, people and places Divisions among Jains C Chandragupta Maurya and Bhadrabahu (friend) SS Leaded: Digambara For 1 month Salnekhana: Boycotted death by fasting Karnataka (Shravanabelagola) during 1st Jain Council R Femine in Magadha (303 BC) When they returned, everyone was wearing white cloth 298 BC 12 Anga combined A Leader: Sthulbhadra Leaded Shwetaambara Patronised by: Bindusara (son of Chandragupta) RM 2nd Jain Council Vallabhi, Gujarat Jain Literature: in Prakrit language 512 AD Architecture PA Rock Cut Cave Temples: Odisha Hathigumpha Caves: Odisha; Kharavela Udayagiri and Khandagiri Caves: Odisha Dilwara Jain Temple: Rajasthan (Mt. Abu) Built by: Vastupala Brothers C SS Statue of Gometeshwara/Bahubali: Karnataka; Shravanabelagola 1st Tirthankar’s son Mahamatsyabhishek festival is celebrated here R A Patrons Chandragupta Maurya and son Bindusara RM Bimbisara (Contemporary of Mahavir and Buddha) and son Ajatshatru PA C SS R Gautam Buddha: belonged to Shakya Clan A Born: 563 BC; Lumbini; Nepal Death: 483 BC; Kushinagara Childhood name: Siddhartha RM Father: Suddhodhana 1st Bhikkuni Mother: Mahamaya Step Mother: Mahaprajapati Goutami Wife: Yashodhara Son: Rahul Left home at: 29 yrs PA 1st teacher: Alara Kalama 2nd teacher: Udraka Ramputra Enlightenment: Uruvella (Bodh Gaya); under a Bodhi tree River: Niranjana 1st sermon: Sarnath; Varanasi Kanthaka Chariot: Channa Janma C SS Mahaparinivana R A RM PA 8 Fold Path: to end sufferings C SS R A Buddhists Council Patronage Presidency RM 1st: Rajgriha (400 BC/483 Ajatshatru Mahakashyapa BC) 2nd: Vaishali (383 BC) Kalashoka Sabakami PA 3rd: Patliputra (250 BC) Ashoka Moghalpura Tissa 4th: Kashmir (72 AD) Kanishka Vasumitra Sects of Buddhism Hinayana Mahayana Vajrayana Did not believe in Idol Did believe in Idol Tantric Buddhism C worship worship (Eastern) Text: Pali Text: Sanskrit SS Bodhisattvas names: Vajrapani, Avlokitesvara, Amitabh Buddhist Text: Pali (majorly) and Sanskrit Tripitaka R A Sutta: Buddha’s teachings Vinaya: Monastic courts and rules RM Abhidharma: Interpretation of Sutta PA Pali Milindpanho Dialogue between Milinda and Nagasena Sanskrit Buddhacharitra: by Asvaghosha Jataka tales: about previous births of Buddha in both human and animal forms Terms of Buddhism Chaitya: place of worship Vihara: place of residence Dhamma: Dharma Stupa C Stupas Belonging to 3rd Century BC and the 12th SS Largest: Kesariya (Bihar) Century AD Dhamek: Sarnath (Uttar Pradesh) Ramabhar: Kushinagara Sanchi: Madhya Pradesh Across the World Borobudur: Java; Indonesia R A RM Anda: hemispherical dome Torana: gateway Medhi: pedestrial path PA Buddhist Universities 8 Holy Places of Buddhism Lumbini Universities Built by Bodh Gaya Nalanda Kumaragupta I Sarnath Vikramshila Dharmapala Kushinagara Odantpuri Gopala Rajgir Vaishali Shravasti Sankasia One Liners (MCQs) Chaitya: Prayer hall Lion Capital was built in First sermon of Buddha C Bharhut Stupa located in Madhya Pradesh depucts Jataka Tales and Stories Chethiyagiri Vihara is a Buddhist festival celebrated in Sanchi SS The rules made for Buddhist Sangha were written down in a book called “Vinaya Pitaka” Lord Buddha gave his first sermon on Four Novke Truth in Bodh Gaya Ashoka: Buddha follower Son: Mahendra R Hinayana Sent to Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) A Daughter: Sanghamitra to spread Buddhism Ashoka’s rock inscription is located in: Jogad; Odisha RM Lomas Rishi Cave constructed by Buddhist monk is in Bihar Buddhist Cave temples and Barakar Caves is in Bihar Birthplace of the first and fourth Jain Tirthankaras: Ayodhya PA “Jina” in Jain Philosophy means: The Conqueror C SS R Lion Capital, Ashokan Pillar at Sarnath A RM PA Lomas Rishi Cave

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