Art Class PDF

DHARMIC RELIGION 1. HINDUISM (SANATAN DHARMA) - Vedos - Upanishads - Puranas 2. BUDDHISM (BUDDHA DHARMA) 3. JAINISM (LITTLE OLDER) 4. SIKHISM VOCABULARY; ETIC (OBJ) EMIC (SUBJ) The Wheel ( represent the teaching of buddha) Footprint ( represent the travel) The word buddha mean Awakened Wheel calle...

DHARMIC RELIGION 1. HINDUISM (SANATAN DHARMA) - Vedos - Upanishads - Puranas 2. BUDDHISM (BUDDHA DHARMA) 3. JAINISM (LITTLE OLDER) 4. SIKHISM VOCABULARY; ETIC (OBJ) EMIC (SUBJ) The Wheel ( represent the teaching of buddha) Footprint ( represent the travel) The word buddha mean Awakened Wheel called Dharmacakra Empty throne mean BUDDHIST ART OF INDIA Vocabulary; Transcend ( Luta is the symbol of transcend) Dharmachakra Empty throne Stupa ( its like mount shape structure) Study Object; LION CAPITAL OF AS 19 Sep 2024 VOCABULARY; Relief Sculpture - Bas relief ( lower lief) - High relief Sculpture in round Isometric Perspective Triratna 1. Buddha 2. Dharma 3. Sanghe Reliquary STUDY OBJECT; The Great Stupa at Sanchi 24 & 26 Sep 2024 Next reading cha. 6 Buddhist Architecture of India - Pradakshina - circumambulation - Mammiform - Phallic - Gynoform - Vernacular Architecture - Polite Architecture - Auspicious - Siddhartha - Edifice - Effigy - Vihara - Alams - Mandorla Vocabulary; - Stupa - Torana - Chitya ( early buddhist temple ) - Aisle** - Nave - Rock- hewm - Urna ( akween or third eye) - Ushnisha ( is the top of his head) - Ear Spool - bodhisattva - Study object; - 53-55 ( Chaitya@ Bhaja ) - 56-59 ( Chaitya@ Karli ) BUDDHAIST ICONISAM - THE KUSHANA ERA - GANDHARA ART ( CIRCA 1-350) IMP; - INDUS - MAURYAN - KUSHANA - GUPTA - PALA - CHOLA - MUGHAL - RAJPUT - GANDHARAN - MATHURAN - 01 OCT 2024 BUDDHIST SCULPTURE - THE BOWL REPRESENT A PART OF LEND - Nirvana ( it mean Ego extension) - STUDY OBJECT STANDING BUDDHA FROM GANDHARA FRIEZE FROM GANDHARA MARAS HOST ( PAGE 89) Page 91 [ FIRST SERMON FRIEZE ] VOCABULARY - Schist - Thy paint the sculpture - Frieze - Mudra ( page 89 ) - Bhumispasha - 08 Oct 2024 PERIODS OF STYLES OF INDIAN BUDDHIST ART Kushana - Gandharan - Mathuran - Nagarjunakonda Gupta Pala NOBLE TRUTHS - Suffering ( dukkha ) - Ignorance , Hatred , Desire - Transcendence 8- Fold Path - Right liberhold - Right afford - Right mindfulness - Right meditation - Right speech - - STUDY OBJECT - Buddha seated on a Lion Throne ( page 109 ) - VOCABULARY - Molthled SandStone - Hieratic Scale - Hieratic Composition Mudhra - Dhyana - Bhumic Parsha - Abhaya - Dharma Chakra - Wishnisha NEXT READING CH. 8 ( PALLAVAS ) & CHOLA GUPTA ART VOCABULARY - The lost wax casting technique - Jatakas STUDY OBJECT - Standing Buddha from Mathura( page 110 ) - Buddha preaching the law - Ajanta - Bodhisattva Padma pani COMMON MUDRA - DHYANA MUDRA - DHARMACHAKRA MUDRA ( WITH VITARKA MUDRA RIGHT ) [ TEACHING ] - BHUMISPARSHA MUDRA [ TOUCHING EARTH ] - ABHAYA MUDRA [ NO FEAR MUDRA ] 17 Oct 2024 VOCABULARY - Fresco(es) [ fresco is it is a painting that's done on the the plaster of the wall while the plaster is still wet] - Palm leaf manuscript GUPTA ART BUDDHIST & HINDU - STUDY OBJECT - CLASS LECTURE Some links to videos about the Hindu epics especially not all the scriptures is the ethics so we can look out for that over the weekend so no matter who you are in this class you have a reason to go to brightspace and look for those for look for either the links that I'm going to post which is all of you or through brightspace I'm going to send your assignment back in my hand and giving it back to you I guess all the people who submitted in the right format more or less at the right time within two or three days of the deadline you've got your assignment back some people contacted me saying Professor I couldn't find it I couldn't find a comments or or I couldn't find feedback on my grade anywhere and it's cuz you're looking for that fun-brownspace you should be looking for it in your inbox was sent to your inbox or whatever email you got on there then one student told me something really disturbing that he can't brightspace won't let you change your email is that true  developers are not most people some magnificItalian name Fresco the f r e s Invesco means what you think it means it means fresh what well if I make a mark on this board the Mark is on top of the board so even after it dries like this Mark over here somebody use a permanent marker over here and they must have been like oh shit it's never going to come off but if you wait for it to dry you can scratch it up it'll be offender now cuz it's just on top of the board even if it's permanent marker cuz he didn't use a proper marker this one easier that's how we painted these walls if you just stood in lean on the wall and like get some mischief and just scratched up the wall with your thumb while I was talking for the whole class you take the paint off cuz the thing is on the wall frescoes are not on the wall when you first plaster the wall while the plaster is wet you paint on the wall so now the paint dries in the wall it's part of the wall it's not sitting on top of the wall that is what a most people don't want to get rid of frescoes but fresco is it is a painting that's done on the the plaster of the wall while the plaster is still wet so to get rid of the painting you've got to knock off the plaster which itself sticks to the bricks so basically you got to bust up the wall if you want to make sure you get rid of a fresco Please have a caves that they modified into architecture they had torches but it's been suggested that torches are too Blinky and they're too yellow and you want to know what your true colors are and the fire light is not good enough so archaeologists have suggested that they use mirrors to bring the sunlight deep inside of the cage so there were guys holding mirror stands straight and adjusting them as the sun move throughout the day to light up the cave with sunlight or else when you step away from the painting all the colors that you painted would be compensating for the yellow light of your fire and so they're going to be off and a lot of these colors are still pretty naturalistic easy all the different complexions of the Indian people that are put in there it looks like actual Indians Indians come in lots of colors especially I'm almost 1500 years ago remember the dravidian people and the Indo-European people have become one but just like any I'll mix ethnicity family sometimes you know you'll have like a dark skin kid and a light-skinned kid around here kid and a black hair kid right and so the Indian people are a rainbow of complexion is from peachy pink to to like espresso Brown and they're all reflected in these images what's amazing to me about these images some Asian isometric perspective which so here's what I can do this on a whiteboard this is isometric isometric perspective your teacher taught you to do this in grade school where you drew two boxes same size and then you connected them isometric perspective isometric perspective is a perspective that shows things receding in Space by the use of diagonal to diagonals tell you is going away from me but the iso and isometric means same so the thing is the same size in the front as it is in the back which is why your teacher taught you to do that all right majors of course have to be able to do this without the help of all of this Erasure and the way that they do that is they keep their eye on these diagonals and make sure they all match myself so they don't need to draw like a glass box and then erase this and erase that and he breaks that they just do it free in it right so isometric perspective involves the thing receding in space but remaining the same size in the front is in the back linear perspective is something that in your Western art history classes you will hear was invented during the Renaissance where things get smaller as they get farther away from me which is the illusion of how the human eye sees this is the truth in fact but this is the illusion of how we see let's do it tangling this way this is the illusion of how we see if there are lines parallel lines on the ceiling people at the back of the class would see the parallel lines seeming to get closer and closer and closer which is why we see train tracks this way Under the painting is a drawing that establishes the lines some of the drawings that we see at ajanta show that they understand that things get smaller at the back in your eye not in real life and they're fascinated by the complexity of prospective like on the insides of things where you see things like the lattice work under the roof here that seems to like look at all the woodwork over here all the overlapping lines are very much on the point like you're seeing a thing behind a thing behind the thing you're seeing things interacting with things they're very interested in that kind of naturalism where the complexity of lines it's something they want to show off that they understand at this point Romans have stopped making frescoes because Rome has fallen to the Visigoths but if we look at Roman Fresco's they are not this accurate they have a kind of instinctive perspective where they'll draw they'll draw a boss like this a glass flaws and while the meniscus is shallow like that the top of the bus is around like that so are we above the bonds or from the side of the bus make up your mind but they're instinctively trying to get a higher level of naturalism by at least trying to attack this problem really if using the water like this you should also be seeing the top of the bottom like that they should be the same shallowness this distance should be that distance and similarly the Romans love doing architecture in their drawings they've got all these like Trump Lloyd Landscapes of buildings in them and including the Interiors of buildings but this kind of complexity gives them a lot of problems so when Rome Falls that experiment ends because European heart suddenly becomes very stylized medieval. Indians chugging along improving naturalism all the time ironically this tradition is going to come to us sudden end when Central Asian Invaders come to India and introduce Islamic way of painting which is going to be a very decorative flat almost like a really fancy Egyptian way of doing art which is everyone in profile but really beautifully decorative at first and then it's going to get some Dimension they're going to start doing some modeling they're going to do some perspective but it won't be this accurate so this is like the apogee of naturalism in the ancient world because we don't consider like Christian and Islamic are to be part of the ancient world it starts in the evil right so this is the apogee of naturalism in the ancient world it's the high point of naturalism and the ancient world until the Renaissance you're not going to see this accuracy again of naturalism until the Renaissance which is credited with you know this degree of naturalism all of this stuff this technically this is isometric as the benches the the bed is the same size in the back as it is in the front but with with a lot of the forms in here you see where the the backs of things are smaller than the fronts they're not just receding in a diagonal angle this looks kind of isometric but some of these other things are showing a higher degree of naturalism so we know naturalism is there intent and we saw this kind of thing all the way back at a miravati like at the beginning of the Common Era remember I showed you a sculpture of an empty Throne that went back in space so the empty Throne look like this so they understood and they they got the whole angle right that it's receiving at an even rate and that this this rectangle is Filters are already into this by the time and Jonathan painters start doing so just correcting the record of the world art history that there are some early forms of linear perspective emerging in India just before the Gupta ends and all of that experimentation with naturalism right so speaking of the complexions of the Indian people don't think this guy was the Hulk he was painted in a deep espresso brown but that espresso Brown had a lot of copper in the paint so the copper oxidized with age and turn them green like the Statue of Liberty when she came to our Harbor and she was a beautiful reddish brown shiny girl and then New York rain fell on her and she oxidized green that's why she's green today right so it's a copper contents and the paint that caused that but look at this person look at this person look at this person and what are all these people doing painted on the edge of Jonathan cage showing like Indian diversity they're showing all the different kinds of people from different parts of India which you can tell sometimes by what they're wearing or how they wear their hair the jewelry there wearing look at all the different people from Jungle people at the known Indian world that have come to listen to sermons of this in this image however these are not in it You know he's one of the dramatic people from all the way in western or Central Europe someplace and so they're pointing out that people come from far and near to hear the sermons of the Buddha and it's actually true there's Al bottom wrote a book about how far Indian ideas migrated Westward at pointed out that there are elements of Buddhism in the philosophy of plate so yes Buddhism reach all the way to the Mediterranean cuz that's not forget Buddhism India have all these Mediterranean connections and are brought some of that to the Northwestern part of the country so the the paintings are quite anthropological and next time we see this kind of anthropological approach to let me show you what the people look like let me show you what the people are wearing let me show you how different and diverse the people are the next time you're going to see that is into two of the first Chinese emperor chinchi huangbi where you'll see all the hits Terracotta soldiers and they all have different hairstyles they got different facial types you know if you know absolutely nothing about Chinese people you will still be like well that guy looks like he's maybe from a slightly different ethnicity than that guy even though they both got Chinese eyes right so you'll see like different bone structure in the face is even though you could still tell from the epicanthic folds at their Chinese people they're very different Chinese people you'll see some of them with prominent noses cuz they're from the West they're from like the turkey areas and stuff like that so India and China seems to be very interested in depicting their own internal diversity and so you're seeing the Indian version of that I don't have some other examples of it those same Central Asians who are going to invade India by the end of the first century and they're going to bring a lot of Middle Eastern styles of heart they actually will be fascinated by this way of depicting lots of different people come to hear the words so the Mughal painters they're going to have lots of scenes like this as well of like a crowd come to hear about philosophers speak and they're going to show people from all over the world at the same way again there's a lot of interest in naturalism you know exactly what the Fashions were at the time not only for Indians but for people from the west of India the textile designs they're all being studied Types sometimes they're apparents people from like Eastern India will look at that and they'll be like but that's like palangi from Melissa they'll know exactly the type of textile that they're looking at so that's what's going on in here is a kind of internal View and same thing here and I love putting this one in just to show you the interest in anatomy drawing a foot going away from you it is one of the hardest things you can do all the art majors in the room notice drawing a food coming towards you as hard enough by coming straight towards you with the toes it always looks like a hoof when you try I say you got as a shin as an ankle and then the line of the foot has to come in interrupt that and then here goes a big toe and then the other toes and it always looks really weird until you start maybe trying to shade it put in some Dimension and then it starts looking better but right now what the hell is that which is why for instance some cultures like ancient Egypt they never draw the foot coming towards you they throw it from the side cuz that's the most distinctive angle now we know it's a foot but what the hell is that so imagine drawing a foot imagine drawing a foot going away from you how do you do that so there's an ankle and the heel is going to be there and that's all you can do the foot from behind unless you introduces a slight angle and do it like this in which case it'll be thinking to toe and still it looks kind of ambiguous but if you start adding color and shading to it then you will get oh I got it too so healed so that's what's going on here is that they're showing it slightly from behind and I mean it's kind of a show off you kind of thing to draw like you're kind of flexing when you draw something like this and then they put all the toes cock like you cock your tub this is your about to land when I see your notice this one is it cost for that one is cracked you cock here till just before you take off and just before you left it just observe your relatives walking around Barefoot and you'll see them do that with it too so these two feet are caught like a mid-motion as they're about to do something so I'm they're interested in a very high degree of naturalism not just in the depiction of people's faces but clothing and Anatomy are there are of course some controversies about where they developed this interest eurocentric on historians going to be talking about you know Western influence on Indian painting and sculpture but actually I've observed from teaching the art of the world I mean I walk around with like 8 to 14,000 years of art history in my head from different cultures and I noticed that wherever it is an interest in the individual person naturalism rares its head so wherever it is an interest in who was this particular guy who was this particular lady wherever the culture starts developing that attitude the art tends to follow it into a form of naturalism so that's why with absolutely no contact with Western people mote art in ancient Peru is interested in naturalism Maya aren't in ancient Guatemala is interested in naturalism they had no contacts with the Greeks so explain that but yes there's like a whole branch of art historians who think that all of this is because of contacts the greatest yes we know they've had contact with the Greeks but that contact is now kind of aged and the book the era let's not forget where we were looking at this sculptures we realize that they're good ERA as a kind of conscious selecting from different parts of Indian art history and so the the Indians are very deliberate in what they're doing with their eyes it's not influence And now they're doing a sort of anthropological study of their people and some foreign people on the walls of a jumper all to tell the Buddhist story when we get back to the Buddha as a topic we realize they're pretty consistent from sculpture to painting how they represent the Buddha so the Buddha and both of these images he's doing the same thing with his body does anyone remember what this blue jay is the Dharma chocolate so he's whenever he seems to be counting off of his fingers and that's what he's doing in both of these in both of these okay I'm going to point out a difference right now maybe you guys can tell me some of the other similarities the difference between the sculpture and the painting there is a proportional difference that the Buddha's head over here is a little larger than it is here here is pretty much in proportion like you guys it looks like the body is seven heads tall roughly if you use a head to measure the body that's what it seems to be in this one right here they they seem to have a large in the head and large the head and the reason for that it is if you were standing in front of this Buddha your head would be up to here when you look up at the Buddha if his head was normal size he would look like his head was too small because he would be receiving away from me remember they're very conscious of how your eye sees is why they're so interested in this Proto version of linear perspective so when you look up at a large Buddha statue because he's going away from you his head start becoming a little so they enlarge it to compensate for that so his head looks normal size when you look up at and they're pretty consistent about doing that on a large Buddha statues on small go to Statue the whole thing is nice and Magic the garage Buddha statues if there's any looking up involved they are large in the head so that the head seems closer to you and normal socks so that's a difference and I think this one you know a kid could notice this is a wooden platform and this one is a flower but look at the body type of the Buddha otherwise like from the neck down what are some of the the things that they have in common on the left and on the right we've established that both doing the same mudra they don't have to be you know looking at how the body is treated anything else You can just make out over here there's a crease in the neck just like over there starting from the neck let's go down look at the Buddha's shoulders wide shoulders but around it look at the Buddha's arms thick arms the Buddha's chest is Broad waist is narrow much narrower than the chest right you see the body narrowing well it's easier to see here because the paint is still there big chunks of the wall have fallen off the wizard of the Buddha's body is pretty comparable he's in the same Asian or position so his his each foot is up on the lap of the opposite leg right that's full Lotus position so this is definitely the Gupta body type remember it's it's soft and flashy the Buddha isn't quite fat but they thickened him considerably broadchester broad shoulder narrow waisted I'm thick in the arms and the legs on the creases in the neck of course and the general proportions of the face yeah big chunk of the wall fell off over here and here but we get to get some of the other Buddhas in here and we'll see the same thing going on with that they've got the same general facial time the eyes are very clear in the eyes are shaped like Lotus petals around the lips are full and so on so pretty consistent from sculpture to painting but the lotus over here that's a pretty important difference because in a painting you can show the Buddha sitting on a Lotus but in a sculpture it's a lot harder I think they could have pulled off a Lotus here because remember this is cut from Rock that's in place so the Lotus would not need to be supported from below it would be essentially stuck to the wall where it has been for millions of years but it's a chunk of stone Maybe so they could have pulled it off here but they decided this is a sculpture that's just due to the boxy base whereas in paintings are going to see more and more Buddhas Seated on lotuses and you guys know exactly what moment this is by what's going on here right the deer so this is what moment is this the deer indicate that it's Deer Park which means it's the first sermon right and look at Deer Park is not just people that's line up sometimes you'll see like living creatures like here's a person but some of them look like even some of the animals yeah and and that's how it's described in the scriptures that people animals neighbors or God's nature Spirits they all came to hear the first service and he's playing over here by two disciples you'll notice a smaller than him do you remember what that's called when they emphasize the important figure by size hiuratic scale and again just continuing with my stressing that the painters know what the sculptors are doing and the sculptures know what the painters are doing look at the deer with the Dharma chakra rolling towards us over here in sculpture and look at it here in the paint so they're following the same iconography but they're also pretty much following the same spot the painters and the sculptors they aren't very much not the same jobs sculptors Google what kind of but kind of c a n o n like a book of rules as a can right so it's all settling down into this is how you do it and I sound like Jimmy right I'm there fig all they're and those rules are going to affect all of Asian art not just Indian art so these are the four reasons you know what if you read your book very carefully you come up with at least three of these if you were if you read your book and you take notes on your book A lot of people just highlight their book if you read your book and took notes on your book you would come up with most of these the first one I think is the easiest one to come up with but the hardest one to describe what Indians have done during the Gupta is they've looked at their own history okay let me humanize this for you they've done what you did when you were a teenager who am I let me figure that out did you notice that cuz I love you and many of your friends switch Posse's when they went from Junior High to the next level and they did it again when they went from high school to college So I do you're going to hang out with and who you're not going to hang out with you decide what you like and what you don't like this period is very difficult for your parents cuz you're kind of a pain in the ass during this period I don't believe in that I stand for that you get what I'm saying it's Americans do this when they're like between 9 and 14 they kind of figure out what they're doing with themselves what they stand for what they don't stand for what they believe in what they don't believe in well cultures sometimes do that not all cultures do it you know most cultures get through the world but we are us and they are them and they kind of decide what they are and opposition to like others but they don't really sit down and like make a list of what they are who they are and curate themselves India definitely did that during the good thing especially in terms of fire but also in terms of like philosophy mathematics Buddhism itself is settling down into a kind of there's an older form of Buddhism that is really the Orthodox system but there's a new popular form of Buddhism since the beginning of the Common Era that is the kind of Buddhism they practice and it's called mahreana's settling down into a tradition so what happens in the art is Indians look back on their own art history they look at the the mauryan period the andra. they even got some Indus Valley stuff around they look they look at the Gandara aren't the Maturin Art In The Garden of Honda art and they pick and choose you know like at from a buffet of their own history they curate what's on their plate and how they're going to go forward from now on they decide who they are based on choosing certain things and not choosing certain things this is what curating is they curate their aesthetic they curate that iconography remember all these words on the first day of school they're they're editing what they want from their own history and what they want to do going forward so that I express here number one during the Gupta Indian artists because we're talking about art right now they demonstrated a self-conscious deliberate decision to select from their past and Define an innovate or reinvent their heart in so doing they're doing what Europeans will do in a Renaissance a thousand years later in the Renaissance they look back at Greece and Aroma they're like you know what that's when we were at our greatest those are our greatest hits let's bring some of that back and let's emulate that what they have decided is we like this about material we like this and I've been darn we like this but my God is Anaconda we like this about Andrea we're keeping this we're not keeping them so it's a deliberate self-conscious decision about how to do almost everything in art that's what they do so that's the first reason that the good place so terribly important culture becomes self-conscious I was just saying many cultures are not terribly self-conscious they just know who they are especially they kind of Define themselves and relation today and neighbors and the enemies and that's it Renaissance Italians did this they were a self-conscious culture they actually wanted them thinking of themselves as the Renaissance scare we find 5th Century Indians during the same thing in China it will happen during the time for the first time it'll happen during the time where Chinese people decide you know we like this and this and this and this from our past and we don't particularly need some of this other stuff this is who we are and this is who we're going to be You go fry from a non self-conscious to a self-conscious way of being I am also went through that the Aztecs they decided what they wanted to be and they kind of made some of it up by combining stuff from other cultures and so they sort of decided who they wanted to be and if you talk to a lot of rich and successful people you will notice that they went through like a uber version of that I'm decide4 decide who you're you the number two is the Gupta is a style that's an expressed across media you've been looking at Gupta sculpture architecture and painting and the paintings depicted fashion design good textile design so good there is a style that's expressed across most media and art forms from sculpture and painting to architecture and book Arts yeah they've got beautifully Illustrated Buddha scriptures and Buddha Not being written and beautiful calligraphy very formal calligraphy and they're all Illustrated in the Gupta style of painting so yes book Arts I'll show you a couple of them from that are still in the group the style but they're made a little after the house that's the best I can do cuz you know books fall apart over the years so we don't have a lot of actual good books we've got some fragments but there's some really nice ones from the period right after that I was so coffee don't forget this is your study object I just have a bigger image of it in context here this image of padmapani The sky was adopted by all the major religions of India the Hindus and James have been warming up to the idea of icons from the Gandara to the Gupta the Hindus have been slowly warming to this idea like the Buddhist the ethnic Indian Buddhist slowly warm to it I just haven't been showing it to you I need to backtrack a little bit but for the most part we will take up Hindu art from the Gupta onwards because the majority of the Indian population was always Hindu so what were they doing were they still an iconic or did they switch as well slowly they transform through the guitar and the two rooms and by the doctor they too are in a kind of artistic explosion of my comfort so the the group that was adopted by all the major religions of India which at that point was Buddhism which is the religion of the Kings and other Royals Hinduism which is the religion of the People by the religion of the the majority of the populace and Jainism which is this very special  minority group who absolutely lives by ahimza or nonviolence so they're like non-violent extremists right they wear a mask over there they're holding them where Mass over their face so they won't inhale tiny insects and kill them by accident in the moisture they are lost that's how strict their holy people right and all of them make arts in the good stuff so that's number three Buy a historical coincidence by an alignment of key historical factors the Gupta style is the star that spread across most of Eastern Asia where it helped to shape various regional and local spots and why does that happen because remember I said in Indian culture has become self-conscious during the Gupta Chinese culture kind of becomes self-conscious during the top Chinese art especially the tongue Dynasty exists alongside the Milford Dynasty for a few decades the time period in China is a period of openness China has gone through historically. of clothes China and open China why does China why does it behave like this because very often trying to have all of its own inventions to Services people and it feels like it doesn't need anything from outside a lot of blood inventions that we use today originally Chinese so China goes through periods website we don't need the world it's all right and Buddhism Indian Buddhas have been coming to China for like a thousand years sending missionaries and China would kick them out yay we don't need your Southern Barbarian religion here we already have three religions and service serve our people quite well so get out of here all right so I'm before the Tom Dynasty China is known for being the place that you come to to get things but they don't go to you to get anything from you they don't need anything from you but during the time Dynasty trying to becomes very curious about the outside world of Mason and boys all over the world that makes sad I'm their princes and princesses and finally started reading about Buddhism and they send missionaries backwards to India to find out more about Buddhism and during that. those Chinese explorers will come back with a whole bunch of information from South Asia will travel all over India he will learn Sanskrit he will read the Buddhist scriptures in their original language and then he'll start translating them into Chinese while he's still in Yolanda University in India and then when he travels on the Silk Road back to China he's going to come with camel loads of books and he's going to try to continue translating those for the rest of his life from Sanskrit into Chinese that the one of the time Emperors try to give him a government job where he'll be like this cultural Minister and he's like yeah yeah sorry I don't have time for that cuz he's just translating through this sutras for the rest of his life so he has a like you know it's kind of hard to turn down the emperor he got to be very polite about it and so he turns down an emperor very politely cuz he's got too much scholarly work to and I bring the Tom Dynasty up because he can't he comes back with books but a lot of those books have images of the Buddha and what style will those images be in Gupta stock  when he comes back with drawings paintings and statues of the Buddha they will be in the book The style and they will transform Chinese are once they do that to Chinese Remember the Time Dynasty is an open period when China opens it's not just so China can go and explore the world all the world comes to explore China to the Koreans and Japanese are Johnny on the spot in the Tom Dynasty they come to China to study the Chinese Classics but they see that Chinese Scholars all studying Buddhism they're like what's that about and so they're going to take Buddhism home especially the Koreans and when the Koreans do that they're taking Buddhist aren't home with them and that's going to be a look up the stock so number four is about the transformation of Asia but here you're seeing the Gupta stop being adopted by the three major religions this is a Buddha that might look like a Buddha but as soon as you see a naked dude that's not the Buddha that those are the those are the Jane holy people who they go completely naked they renounce absolutely everything there are two kinds the ones that are clothed and the ones that are skyclad are unclose sky And I like them going man I'm not bad word is here again and it's because the same artist who make these to make these and when we see a figure with multiple faces hey you've seen that before and that one endus Valley seal that seem to recurve a few times and the figure of multiple faces that's definitely not a Buddha or a Jane who might that be it's one of the Hindu gods so look at the doctor style here look at the sharpness in the eyebrows the eye here is closed but you're seeing the lotus petal shape of the eyes just like you would have on a Buddha in fact if we took away that crown or even if we left the crown it kind of looks like a booty soft fuzz face here look at the flashiness in the chin and the cheeks and the lips so good the style for Hinduism Buddhism Jainism and Japanese between the 8th and the 10th Century they're going to import Indian sculptors who although the Gupta era has ended are still sculpting pretty much in a good style they will teach the job on the inside of the scope in fact these cultures look so good to except for the Indonesian faces but even in the face still fleshy down here and sharp up here some early are historians thought that Indians did this for Indonesian customers no Indians train the Indonesian sculptors to do this kind of sculpture in Indonesians probably when's it India and got their training the cambodians look at the look at the body type before you start looking at the differences look at the body type broad shoulders thick arms right broad chest narrow waist no bulging pecks like he's in the Olympics you see the musculature but it's hidden under lipids right just like the heart even with a little yogic breakfast so cambodians by the way they sit in half loaded so that's a little different but otherwise you've got a good Buddha with a Cambodian face studying in India around at 8:00 to 10th century and again the Gupta is finished by then but a lot of the art is still made in a good style or a new poster style known as Paula after the Tibetans are going to come by the Impala and during the Paula everything is is light drop down but a little narrower and very decorative in the Pala it's like Gupta artist got bored doing Simplicity Simplicity Simplicity and they started decorating the hell out of everything so tibetanus show contact with that but it's still the broad shoulders and thick arms the fleshiness over here that the shop the Lotus eyes right on the ethnicity of the face keeps changing but it still was a good touch China does the same thing China's got they're very interested in all of Buddha's art history so there's like a little bit darn element in here but for the most part bro I'll show the narrow wasted thick arms flashing face sharp sharply delineated eyes right out of the proportions are all the same I'm sure if you blurred your eyes and looked at all these Buddhas you would get a nice house trying the the one of the Korean Emperors of the Sheila dynasties sent no he didn't send sorry he went on pilgrimage to India because he converted as Buddhism and became so devout that he went on pilgrimage to India and came back not only with a bunch of Buddhist arts and Buddha scriptures he came back of an Indian life and my wife is always been fascinated by that how did this brown girl feel it is cold country where everyone is like white in the face and thinks that she's kind of weird looking right my wife is fascinated by like the interaction of the two cultures there but the Korean Emperor was in love with this Indian life that he returned to it in addition to with all the the Buddhist part and Buddhist scriptures and the broad shoulders rings in the neck Russian is in the lower phase the Lotus eyes and eyebrows sharply delineated and a full loaded position the style of clothing here actually borrows heavily from the Chinese love of falling drapery more than it does from the Gupta So you you're seeing a kind of combination of Koreans looking at Indian art and Koreans looking at Chinese art which is based on Indiana so the the textiles there the way they fall that same thing for the Japanese the love of the falling drapery comes from China originally what the body type but look at the musculature it's hidden under lipids muscles are there but then covered in a thin layer of that slight inflation in the belt right so this is like hey on Dynasty Japan over here hang on. the Rings in the neck everyone's got the three rings in the neck just like an Indian food messy down here strong Japanese people occasionally have curly hair but most of them they don't see that on daily basis neither do Koreans or Chinese so why are they doing it because that's how the Indians do it that's all we got to do it Gupta set the rules and so everyone's going to do it the group The Way with their own spin like we love drapery right so we're not going to do this simple drapes of Indian good stuff we're going to do more complex more haphazard looking drinks but still with the kind of Rhythm in but look at the Simplicity up here cuz southeast Asia is right next to India they stick a little closer to the Indian way of doing the body and the Simplicity in the drinks this is what those Gupta books would have looked like these are from the period right after Paula Gupta book survive and fragments like this they kind of wore me at this point but Paula books are still in pretty good shape that I got a thousand years old in there pretty good shape why are the books shaped that way I drew it once for you I made one of these ones they're very interesting the string comes through and so you read picture read read picture read right and so that's how you go you read this one and you read back on and you read that one and when you're done you just pull the string and all the pages and flutter back down and settle down on top of each other you're on the string around them and tie them up file a little these are called palm leaf manuscripts and they are the format for Indian books Since it's handwritten not printed calligraphy baby look at how to meet that is it's done with that kind of stylus I kind of a flat-lib pen that gives you a serif when he turns sideways you guys see how I checked my marker before I start writing because I want to be able to do this you see how I got thin there and fat there really important in Arabic Chinese Korean that's Sarah that's what it's called when it goes from fat to thin because you you change direction of the instrument but you didn't turn the orientation of the instrument so you get that beautiful mama Really good calligraphy but they suck at drawing so then you turn it over to the drawing guy who does that beautiful renderings doesn't mean the drawing guy is really good at painting cuz painting is something the paint is growing quick you better paint it in a right color in the right direction before it comes out looking all haphazard and sort of unprofessional so yeah they've got like a separation of Labor ancient Egyptians is the same thing so that's why the holes are here cuz the string goes through and obviously these are portable right because they're portable they travel all over Asia and people who can translate them translate them into local languages books are one of the ways that the religion but also the art style spreads across Eastern Asia especially I look up the style is going to be seeing all across Central Asia East Asia southeast Asia these are the famous Buddhas at the Taliban blew up they were already in pretty bad shape they are colossal Buddhas that start this tradition in Central Asia the Chinese are really going to run with it as a matter of fact when the Taliban blew these up Chinese artist was like MiMi can I replace them cuz there's still a reverence for colossal Buddha sites in China and yeah but man Buddhas are going to inspire lots of colossal ones in China like that long man and Young on and kamakuta this is like the Statue of Liberty of Japan you can go inside of it yeah like a person is this tall next to it and he's got two windows on his back for a summer days or it gets really hot in there they open the windows right so you can actually go inside the Buddha right so this one is bronze obviously but they're still in ones are also huge a person would be this side next to this one why are they making the Buddha so big look look this is a temple complex advertising you're on you're on the silver Road the Silk Road which is famous for its Roberts I don't know if you've ever heard the word Thug but it comes from the Indian word foggy which means that's what I word comes from and those guys used to plow the Silk Road so when will you see a giant Buddha you're like sweet mad every I have some place to sleep tonight safe how far is the month chanting at 4:00 in the morning is going to be a little rough on you if you're late sleeper but also free food free water for your. OCTOBER 22, 2024 VOCABULARY - Murti - Lingam HINDU ART OF INDIA Radha Krishnan And Moore STUDY OBJECT SHIVA MAHADEVA PAGE 142 - HINDU SCULPTURE - Vedas ( Hymns ) Are prayers that have finally been written down during The Vedic period This is not long before the life of mahavira and the Buddha so sadada would have learned the The Vedas like the rig Veda for instance instead the great mysterious made out of that says I don't know what came before the Divine I don't know if the Divine created the World perhaps the world was created by the Divine or perhaps even the Divine doesn't know what or who created the world it's like it it tries to push past the idea of time in Nevada right but a lot of Radars are praises the particular thoughts all right so like I said Christians would call these hymns I don't like believing that we're on the board cuz it says making me think a bunch of Christian stuff right but it's a lot like prayers that you see the regular English word for that is like I have a phrased off. - Upanishads ( sermons ) We're harder Ronica upanishad which is you you hear it like song and like I think I mentioned this in the beginning of the semester here  at sucking like Opera style as a credits are going up in the second Matrix movie right and it's it's sort of like calls to to God it's like a hospital which means from lies bring me true lead me to truth amrito de Mayo so it sounds a lot like a radar which is lead me from untruth on the truth lead me from Darkness to light leave me from Death to immortality so the open Asia is kind of start like Aveda but then they go into like Point like Point by Point by Point sermons on how to live your life right again with an analogy with the West if if you were if this was Christian stuff up here and you'd be thinking of these sort of like Jesus's servants whereas - PURANAS ( EPICS ) BHAGAVAD GITA Hindu trimurti Brahma Vishnu Shiva LECTURE - Zone in the flashy face but actually the faces are an arrow and some of the bodies the bodies are more slender it's like a like I don't know group that went to Jenny Craig or something I had that that surgery though right but a lot of figures have slim down they become very fancy in terms of how they are decorated but also but especially their surroundings the lotuses it's like the the Lotus platforms it's like the the artists have become bored and instead of just doing Lotus pedal loaded pedals they do loaded pedal inside of the lotus pedal inside of Brothers pedal and so they get they start doing a lot of tracery that's what you call that when you draw one thing and then you fill it up with images of smaller and smaller and smaller versions of it tracery if you realize you're tracing the same shape bigger and bigger and bigger right so while Gupta sculpture looks like look how simple the Buddha is and when the Buddha is on a platform it's usually a boxy platform or a Lotus pedestal. - An aesthetic or you might consider it a mental condition called horror vacui have you guys ever heard that term before it means like fear of Open Spaces in image you just decorate decorate decorate decorate decorate decorate stopping stop me stop me you just it's cool horror vacuole or a horror of vacuums right so if you come fancier and fancy and fancier this happens in art history all over the world after the Renaissance the artist got more than like yeah we know Natalie yeah  we know perspective what are we going to do now and then you just they stop doing like a huge and rectangles and triangles and they start doing curves and they start covering everything with decoration this period is rightly called by the French the Baroque the Baroque means overly fancy or weirdly fancy right that's some of the definitions of the church. - Fancier you'll notice that this booty Sapa is female that's also an interesting development between the 8th and the 10th century the feminine principle in Indian spirituality kinds of kind of ticks over for a while both in Buddhism and in Hinduism so we end up with a bunch of female bodhisattvas a female patron saint kind of and in Hinduism we end up with a lot of goddess worship we end up with the form of Hinduism called lactate which is branch of the religion that stresses love and compassion and worships a lot of the feminine principles in the gods worships the God says deadly instead of devans or the female of the Goddess rather than as gods and as a matter of fact unboxing Hinduism if we were all Hindu from the 10th century and we were practicing boxing Hinduism male female Transit doesn't matter all of our all of us are supposed to see ourselves as wives of God feminists in relation to God so God is a husband and we are the wife right this is how foxy Hinduism. en to - And so that's why my PowerPoint still says Tara but actually the Metropolitan Museum who has this object they but identified some other things going on with her that indicates she's another female police officer so you can just look up Paula sculpture on the net website and she'll come up with her in the evening so this is what's going to happen after the Gupta there's still pretty much working in a good test style but they slimmed it down so that the figures are more slender and a fancied up the figures quite a lot and during the Paula era even the Buddhas and stuck wearing crap so we're going to see that going on but there's a very unusual thing scaring you right in the face here I'm not going to go any further into this - Are we seeing that thing or something very unusual about this figure Cars with Paula invented this in the northeastern part of India Northeastern India if your parents are from South Asia and I say Bengal to them they'll know exactly where that is and remember Bangladesh was part of India back then there was no partition between the Hindus and the Muslims from 1948 right I'm a lot of the world is reorganized in 1948 after World War II that's how we got Pakistan Bangladesh Israel right so back then Bang - Off of this iconographic tool this iconographic device is a much better term Michael why do they come up with multiple times what's a good reason. To human what is it what do you think it would be trying to say who's got more than one sibling in this room all right all of you guys run into a room and start asking  your dad or your mom for totally different things all at the same time what did she say you're asking. asking your mom to - Publisher multiple simultaneous functions and that's why they decided to adopt this multiple arms I did kind of makes the human body sort of like a insect body and it's quite unusual there's only one other culture that has ever done this the Nubians on the night have images of their war god Papa Denmark with four arms to giving moons and the other two accepting offerings all right so we've seen this in only one culture and another part of the world otherwise no other culture ever came up with this visual device of multiple arms lots of cultures have come up with multiple hits multiple faces right I am a three four five mine right lots of cultures have come up with that but it is very rare to have a culture and decide that they're going to put multiple arms on a human figure and this is one of them the Nubians actually didn't like 1500 years maybe 1200 years before these folks did and as far as we know there's no contact it's too completely separate inventions of the same thing like multiple arms all right so multiple arms in the cave multiple simultaneous functions like these are my powers and actually they're different tools that need your hand here in fact a lot of them are weapons for fighting ignorance right so when you see a blade it's for cutting through nonsense that's literally what the blade is for it's like an Occam's razor what's true what's untrue what's useful what's not useful right that's what the blade represents the chakraum is another kind of weapon that brings balance it does a whole bunch of stuff I'm just keeping it short so why did I drop this on you at the beginning of this class because by the end of the next class on Thursday we will see the cholas doing this multiple arms and the cholas are Hindus who live deep down in the south of the country so this North Eastern invention is going to spread to the South somehow and the Chola Hindus are going to be using the Budd - The Paula continued to make simple Buddhas although their Lotus is a very fancy they are not but they were going to end up with these Crown Buddhas and why do they start putting crowns on the Buddha's isn't it like a booty softball thing the short answer is to tell them apart because now they believe in a plethora of Buddhas from the past the presence of the future so the Buddhism itself has become very fancy calling out there for our first year Buddhism has become very complicated right so you will see these images again when we start doing HINDU ART We no longer have a need for figure sitting very still quietly looking inwards and meditation so one of the first differences is the sculptures have become very  dynamic this this one is may not terracotta not a common material for Indian art but there's a fair amount of it and you can see it really good at it A lot more Dynamic the other the other thing is related to the first thing they don't just make thematic images of their gods like Buddhist make thematic images of the Buddha the Buddha meditating who does saying have no fear standing up the Buddha sitting teaching with his hands and down the chocolate up all of these are they're mostly thematic but they have a little bit initiative like that oh look at the deer that must be the first servant right it's a little bit narrative but mostly it's like Buddha as teacher as reassure Buddha as meditator Buddha has accomplished at the moment of Enlightenment right so they're sort of themes the little bits of narration in there because this is a thing that physically happened in history where a prince became an Enlightenment right so there's a little bit of that Is this kind of narrative attitude as opposed to the Thematic one that we got used to in Buddhism which is like the founders teacher the founder is reassured or the founder has accomplisher and so on these scenes we've got real action though and so there's going to be a lot less Symmetry and a lot more treating but TRUVABET Hillside but the hillside that is connected to was carved into an early type of Hindu temple these white squares are pillars that pretend to hold up the roof but remember if his car from Rock and situ it holds together like a block of cheese out of which you carve the building it doesn't collapse on itself right I'm inside the temple is this kind of shrine but on the exterior of the temple are these niches and Niche is like a an indented area on a wall into which you can place things but in this case into which something has been carved or rather out of which something has been carved so this whole recess here with carved away from the giant Rocky clump of landscape and then this multi-headed Shiva was carved out of that and so we're all of these so again these things weren't built and then installed they were car from a giant outcropped of Rock. When a glacier brings easy enormous Stones down and dumps them on the beach before it melts into the ocean they're called erratics right and some of the boulders they like the size of Clapper Hall that you're inside up right now so you could carve a whole edifice out of it right and so that's what they've done with this Temple the temple has a little Shrine inside I did with Shrine inside the temple that's going to stick with the Hindus but on the exterior are all these beautifully carb sculptures and secondary figures but with Shiva in the middle over here at Shiva has multiple faces we've discussed that briefly in the past now we get to talk about the fact that Different Expressions you see this this is rap full Shiba what's she would have got up again right so she lets the bringer of change but she manifest to us clingy beans as destruction right so that's why we translate it that way then she might have gone up destruction right it sounds very negative I  will be translated into our Western minds but she lives the bringer of all change right now time is just bleeding while I'm lecturing and eventually in a class will be here all right teacher is battle against this all semester because we're trying to hit our deadlocks right all things must end the haggakura and the samur So all the time things are ending Sheila is the bringer of all of that every time a tree falls and gets turned into a home by millions of little creatures or gets turned into a piece of furniture Shiva is in charge of that oil change which is why Sheba is actually the most popular of the Hindu gods more temples are built in his honor than any other God is one of three right there's a kind of Hindu Triad which is called the three MurTY and she was one of them she even has to bring our wall change but the things to change things must first be what created and so there's a God in charge of that does anyone else I'm not a bad gas because I'm here and that's not the one wrong or Brahma is the creator spontaneously creating the universe from is a creative force in the universe things come into being through Burma but the only reason things stick around long enough to be recognized as things the only reason you recognize yourself from moment to moment it's because like sticky rice there's a stickiness between this version of you and a version of you from yesterday and the version of you from 7 years ago version of you from 10 years this stickiness comes out of a kind of wholesome desire or love and this love that causes things to endure after they are created that's what vision is in charge of so think of them as a Creative Vision is a sustainer and Shiva as the changer or the Destroyer didn't I just say when a tree falls he can turn it into the furniture isn't that creative But they're practically doing the same thing change is not just destruction it's creation creation has changed and things can only be recognized as having been created if they sustain if they maintain for some period of time so all of these gods are actually one God and their worshiped in their three different aspects as separate Gods so on a philosophical level all Hindu philosophers tell you that the three Mercy is actually one more thing so Hindus has many gods on the street on the everyday level all those gods are emanations like fingertips is how my professor used to put it fingertips and til tips right these three gods and then ultimately these three guys really want to know and then comes these Advent people down here cuz they're a very small minority. The daddy passes through it dwells in it but does not dwell only there when these things are made they're blessed then there's a opening up while his eyes are closed here but they're still a kind of opening of the eye ceremony to make it live like charging up your phone there's a charging up ceremony that makes the things suitable for being used as an emergency and so then we can interact with the deity and the deity can interact with us through it this Mutual regarding of me and the god through the mercy this is an apology word so you don't need it for.  it's called darshan or this way the mutual regarding the mutual recognition of God and human through the mercy is called Darshan. it's the moment when So here I go again scandalizing some of the freshmen Sheva is also represented in abstract form by this sort of phallic dinosaur called a Lingus and that is because change is considered a masculine principle in Hindu culture and Shiva is very therefore very masculine God so the phallic symbol here combined with the gynoform symbol over here did you guys get those words like early in the semester. we use You as a person a personal God and the abstract representation of Shiva as a kind of transformative mail so I'm in that the stuff I've been showing you has pretty much been cooked up this this is a good time Martinique it's done in a good day this is Hindus taking over they were always the majority of the population I'm. Beloved images of Shiva are going to be is going to be this image that you're seeing here Shiva and this multi-arm dance and now you know the multi-arm thing comes from the Pala people up in the north not the the folks in the West but here you're looking at a sort of it's it's after the doctor Dynasty is ended but it's still in the book The style the waist is a little now but it's not quite tall I still pretty much go to it look at that flashy face look at those cheeks right very good friends but look at the multiple arms they've adopted from the North easterners in Bengal and Bihar this image of dancing Shiva is an image that we're going to see on the exterior of buildings all the time because all the change in the universe is set to be generated by a Dynamic dance that she's my ducks and so we're going to see the first images of shiva's dance on the exterior and interior walls of temples is carved out of the rock there or carved out of stone and then installed in a niche there but this is what happens to those cultures with all of their limbs sticking out the limbs start breaking off so they've got a problem and eventually they're going to solve that problem they're going to solve that problem on Thursday and collapse you're Today October 24 Hindu Art Of India - Vocabulary - Shikhara ( sikhara )[ landmark ] - Dravidian style [ Southern Style ] - Nagara Style [ Northern Style] - Mandapa [ the hall of temple ] - Garbha Griha - Processional statue Study object Kushana - Gandharan - Mathuran Gupta Pala Chola Page 161 Shiva Nataraj Multiple aram mean Hand lag together called i will lift you up from suffering world Hand mean have no fare Simple of time symbole of rhythm 120 - Dashavatara - Vishnu - Temple - Deogarh - Page 118- among the 121 Vishnu temple at Deogarh 500 CE  Reclining vishnu Dreaming the universe 6th c.CE Class Lecture Avatars is Krishna as I was mentioning last time so we shouldn't be surprised that there's some beautiful temples surviving from the Gupta today not Shiva temples but vishnuance on the exterior of this this Shrine like Tower you could see that it used to be a tower in the top five has collapsed can you guess what material that's made out of it's a favorite material for sculpture in the building sad stone. Amazing Buddhism but Buddhist don't really run with it this is like they're famous temple with the tower it's at the place where the Buddha wasn't liking that one guy up but pretty much do this abandon this idea but Hindus run with it where did Hindus used to worship before they started building temples in their homes out in nature they were shrines everywhere where worship used to happen and then they were these giant festivals that used to bring tens of thousands of Indians  together but in the group that we see them starting to pin down the idea of the temple is the place where we all gather and what should the Temple look like and they took this idea from places like badia and so if you'd if you showed this image to someone like in the Indian diaspora doesn't know a lot about temples in India they might think this is a Hindu temple because Hindus are the ones who ran with this idea. I was born and raised Hindu I found it a new religion called Buddhism so there is a close relationship like in his life people called Jesus rabbi right it was a very Jewish context that he lived so the Buddha lived in a very Hindu context and went to a Hindu funeral for his dad even though he was the founder of the new religion. matter at the Buddhist sculpture the Buddhist sculpture style of sarnath right so again the Hindus are using the this style that was was developed by Buddhist at sign at which is a good Style here in an expanded man of the Buddhist sculpture style of Sonata is it is adapted to a Hindu motif the Lord of preservation the sustain our Fishman is shown a sleep on the coils of the giant multi-headed serpents and you can look at the images of reading this to you I'm in your book it's right across from the image so you can read stop look at the picture read stop look at the picture. The nightmare of Maya we're all beings take on their temporal forms right so in the world where we're always living and dying it manifests sort of as a nightmare to this God of love who sustains the universe he tries to hold us and make us live as long as we can against the forces of Shiva which are slowly pulling things apart normally such an iconographic presentation of a god which show a lotus plant blooming from vishnu's navel because that's how it's described in the scripture which its Center Sprouts Vermont. Down in the South they have a very clear even though they're encrusted with sculptures these are all figurines and architecture cards on the exterior of the architecture. even though there's some uncrusted with sculpture you can see a very clear straight line making it appearance and that is a southern style for the dravidian style of Timber so if I were you and your notes what I would do is I would draw a pyramid. So with this rear left hand he says I am the bringer of change I am the bringer of Destruction the destruction of all things including this class in like 7 minutes right so I am the wielder of the flame of change but you know what your book will also point out that the flame represents Purity we purify things with fire when you put them in fire to cleanse them and Flame is using creativity this thing is made out of cast bronze it was made using fire you use fire to melt the bronze so flame represents destruction creation purity construction creation purity rhythm have no fear come to me and as he dances his dreadlocks lie in the air in between it these little Jewels are like the planets in the galaxy that's what they represent  there like all the universe is a chain and he dances inside of a circle of fire which is presented vertically here but you could also read it like this and your book will talk about it represents the boundaries of the universe that is true but it's a circle what is circles represent Cycles and so change is Everlasting it's an everlasting cycle it's an eternal cycle it's the one thing that's eternal and look at the Flames every now and then one pops off you know they weld it back on so sometimes they're not quite equidistant anymore but they too are rhythmic the whole thing is about rhythm rhythm I can hear this culture because I have synesthesia like my senses mix up I can take colors and I can I can hear pattern but I see a pattern I can hear it like I look at his hair and I hear it in my ears it's like a little vibration right so the hair is flying and in the circle as he dances he dances on a little dwarf looking guy who if you get close to him you see his giant air spools and his necklace and his arm bags are like that's the most glorified when we're seeing have you realized he must be some kind of demon or something your book will call him the demon of ignorance I think but he actually represents with his stature but his wealth a guy who didn't grow very tall physically. spiritually he represents ignorance read all the stuff that the Buddha isn't very found out she lives in front of that stuff either that's why he becomes a sadu when he comes to Earth there's more is the same guy that the Buddha fought in the forest we came to tempt him and Hinduism he's not just called Laura he's called Thomas More of us tomorrow in Buddhism they just call him Mara but and again don't think of him quite as like a Satan type of character he's really kind of a let me see what happens if I do this to you how you going to react right and so he watches your life like a telenovela like really that's what you did when you want a lotto that's what you did when a guy stepped on your foot on the subway that he's just really interested in what happens next how do you react and so Shiva and the Buddha they're not big fans of like overreacting to things right so he dances on Mara to suppress him he's stomping him down but you did you notice that they're both on the lotus petal so they're both on a level higher than us they're on the level of transcendence not a bad guy a demigod the demigod that makes mischief and did you notice there's a hole in the lotus that goes back to the drum and all the Rhythm and the dance I've been talking about down in the south of India they don't just install these in their temples on Festival days they run a pool